Page:History of Greece Vol XI.djvu/19

 CONTENTS. xr Chersonese Athenian settlers sent thither, as well as to Santos. A< tivity and constant progress of Philip lie conquers Methone remiss ness of Athens. Philip marches into Thessaly against the despots ot Pherse. Great power of Onomarchus and the Phokians plans of Ath ens and Sparta the Spartans contemplate hostilities against Megalopo lis. First appearance of Demosthenes as a public adviser in the Athe nian assembly Parentage and early youth of Demosthenes wealth of his father dishonesty of his guardians. Youth of Demosthenes sickly and feeble constitution want of physical education and bodily vigor, Training of Demosthenes for a speaker his instructors Isacus Plato his devoted study of Thucydides. Indefatigable effort* of Demosthenes to surmount his natural defects as a speaker. Valua set by Demosthenes upon action in oratory. His mind and thoughts how formed. He becomes first known as a logographer or composer of speeches for litigants. Phokion his antithesis and rivalry with De- mosthenes his character and position his bravery and integrity. Lasting hold acquired by his integrity on the public of Athens. Num- ber of times that he was elected general. His manner of speaking ef- fective brevity contempt of oratory. His frankness his contempt of the Athenian people his imperturbability his repulsive manners Phokion and Eubulus the leaders of the peace-party, which represented the strongly predominant sentiment at Athens. Influence of Phokion mischievous during the reign of Philip at that time Athens might have prevailed over Macedonia. Change in the military spirit of Greece sinco the Peloponnesian war. Decline of the citizen soldiership : increased spread of mercenary troops. Contrast between the Periklean and the De- mosthenic citizen. Decline of military readiness also among the Pelo- ponnesian allies of Sparta. Multiplication of mercenary soldiers its mischievous consequences necessity of providing emigration. Dete- rioration of the Grecian military force occurred at the same time with the great development of the Macedonian force. Rudeness and poverty of the Macedonians excellent material for soldiers organizing genius of Philip. First parliamentary harangue of Demosthenes on the Sym- mories alarm felt about Persia. Positive recommendations in the speech mature thought and sagacity which they imply. His proposed preparation and scheme for extending the basis of the Symmories. Spirit of the Demosthenic exhortations always impressing the neces- sity of personal effort and sacrifice as conditions of success. - - Affairs of Peloponnesus projects of Sparta against Megalopolis her attempt to obtain cooperation from Athens. Views and recommendations of De- mosthenes he advises that Athens shall uphold Messene and Mega- lopolis. Philip in Thessaly he attacks Lykophron of Pherae, who calls in Onomarchus and the Phokians Onomarchus defeats Philip. Sue cesses of Onomarchus in Boeotia maximum of the Phokian power. - Philip repairs his forces and marches again into Thessaly his com plete victory over the Phokians Onomarchus is slain. Philip con- quers Pheras and Pegasae becomes master of all Thessaly expulsion of Lykophron. Philip invades Thermopylae the Athenians send a force thither and arrest his progress. Their alarm at this juncture, and unusual rapidity of movement. Phayllus takes the command of the Phokians third spoliation of the temple revived strength of the Phokians mal- versation of the leaders. War in Peloponnesus the Spartans attack Megalopolis interference of Thebes. Hostilities with indecisive re suit peace concluded autonomy of Megalopolis again recognized. 111 success of the Phokians in Bceotia death of Phayllus, who is sue needed by Phalaekus. The Thebans obtain money from the Peisiai