Page:History of Greece Vol VIII.djvu/446

 424 HISTORY OF GREECE. only way of enabling a man to regulate his own conduct, ai. .ang at good objects and avoiding bad. To be so practised as to be able to do it readily, was essential to make a man a good leader or adviser of others. Every man who had gone through the process, and come to know what each thing was, could also of course define it and explain it to others ; but if he did not know, it was no wonder that he went wrong himself, and put others wrong besides. Moreover, Aristotle says : " To Sokrates we may unquestionably assign two novelties; inductive discourses, and the definitions of general terms." 2 1 Xenoph. Mem. iv, 5, 11, 12. 'AA3, rolf syKpuTEOi uovoi E^ECTI OKO-EIV ra KpuTiara ruv irpaypaTuv, Kal A 6 79 Kal epyy 6ia3.yovTaf /card yivij, T& UEV aya&a irpoaipEitr&at, ruv 6s Kan&v uTTEXEcr&at. Kal OVTU? ifyri upiarovf TE Kal EvdatuovEordrovf avdpaf yiyv(r&ai, Kal dia^Eysod at dvvaruTaTovf. 'Eij 6e not rb SiaTiEyea&ai bvouaa&rjvai, ex rov avvlovTaf Kotvy flovA.Evea'&ai diahsyovrac /card ysvij rd. irpdyuara' delv ovv irsiputr&at OTI fiaXLara irpbf TOVTO Iroifiov iavrbv KapaaKEvafrtv, nal TOVTOV uakiora imfj.2.Ei(r&ai iic TOVTOV yap yiyvEadai uvdpaf upiarovf re nal TjyEUOviKUTarovQ Kal dia2.fKriKUTa.Tovf. Surely, the etymology here given by Xenophon or Sokrates, of the word dio/leyeotfai, cannot be considered as satisfactory ? Again, iv, 6, 1. 'ZuKpu.TTjf $ rot)f UEV eldoTae TI EKaarov EITI ruv OVTUV, evdui^e Kal rolg iMioif uv E^jj-ysla&ai dwaadai Tovf 6e (HI ddo-af, ovdev lrj Qavfiaarbv slvat, aiiroiif 6e c^a/WeoiJai Kal uTi^ovf a$a.?3iiv. T Qv IveKa CKOTTUV OVV TOlf CTUVOt'CTi, Tl EKOOTOV 17) TUV WTUV, OvdljTOT* &.})/ ILaVTO UEV ovv, y (Jtuptfero, iroTii) av spyov sir] 6ie% ehBelv iv oaoi? 6e Kai TOV rpoTtov Tijf eTTiOKETpEue drjliuGEiv olfiat. roaavra E!-U. 1 Aristot. Metaphys. i, 6, 3, p. 987, b. ZuKparovf 8% irepl fiev ra JJ&IKU jrpayuaTEVo/tEVOV, irspl 6s r^f o/lT/f <*>vffUf oidev iv UEVTOI TOVTOIC rb KO.-&67MV &TOVVTOC Kal Kfpl opiff/iuv tiriarqaavTOf irpu^ov rijv didvoiav, etc. Again, xiii, 4, 6-8, p. 1078, b. Avo yap kariv a rif av a-xo8oir) diKaiae, ToOf T* iTro/crt/covf Xoyovf Kal rb bpi^sd'& 67.0V. compare xiii, 9, 35, p. 1086, b; Cicero, Topic, x, 42. These two attributes, of the discussions carried on by Sokrates, xplain the epithet attached to him by Timon the Sillographer, that he wra the leader and originator of the accurate talkers : 'E/c 6' upa ruv u-KEKkive Xti9o|6oc, i>vo / uo/l iiraoidbf u.Kpi[3o3.6yav<; u JIP, pTJTOpOftVKTOf, VXaTTlKOC, ElpUVEVTTJf. (ap. Diog. Lae'rt. ii, 19.) To a large proportion of hearers of that time, as of other times, occu- raU thinking and talking appeared petty and in bad taste : i) d/