Page:History of Greece Vol V.djvu/18

 ; CONTEJJiTS. officers be determines on a general attack : he tries to show that the prophecies are favorable to bim. — His intention communicalcd to the Athenians in the night by Alexander of Macedon. — Pausanias changes places in the line between the Spartans and Athenians. — Mai-donius again attacks them with his cavaby. — In consequence of the annoyance of the Persian cavalry, Pausanias determines to move in the night into the Island. — Confusion of the Gi'ccian army in executing this night- movement. — Refusal of the Spartan lochage Amompharetus to obey the order for the night-march. — Mistrust of Pausanias and the Spartans, exhibited by the Athenians. — Pausanias moves without Amompharetus, who speedily follows bim. — Astonishment of Mardonius on discovering that the Greeks had retreated during the night — be pursues and attacks them with disorderly impatience. — Battle of Plataea. — Great personal bravery of the Persians — they are totally defeated, and Mardonius slain. — The Athenians on the left wing defeat the Thebans. — Artabazus, with a large Persian coi-ps, abandons the contest and retires out of Greece — the rest of the Persian ai-my take up their position in the fortified camp. — Small proportion of the armies on each side which really fought. — The Greeks attack and carry the fortified camp. — Loss on both sides. — Funeral obsequies by the Greeks — monuments — dead body of Mardo- nius — distribution of booty. — Pausanias summons Thebes, requiring the surrender of the leaders — these men give themselves up, and are put to death. — Honors and distinctions among the Greek warriors. — Rever- ential tribute to Platcea, as the scene of the victory, and to the Platoeans : solemnities decreed to be periodically celebrated by the latter, in honor of the slain. — Permanent Grecian confederacy decreed by the victors, to hold meetings at PlatEea. — Proceedings of the Grecian fleet : it moves to the rescue of Samos from the Persians. — The Persian fleet abandons Samos and retires to Mykale in Ionia. — ilistrast of the fidelity of the lonians entertained by the Persian generals. — The Gi-eeks land to attack the Persians ashore — revelation of the victory of Platcea, gained by their countrymen on the same morning, springs up in their minds before the battle. — Battle of Mykale — revolt of the lonians in the Persian camp — complete defeat of the Persians. — Retirement of the defeated Persian army to Sardis. — Reluctance of the Spartans to adopt the con- tinental lonians into their alliance — proposition to transport them across the ^gean into "Western Greece — rejected by the Athenians. — The Grecian fleet sails to the Hellespont : the Spartans return home, but the Athenians remain to attack the Chersonese. — Siege of Sestos — antipa- thy of the Chersonesites against Artayktes. — Capture of Sestos — cruci- fixion of Artayktes. — Return of the fleet to Athens 147-203 CHAPTER XLIII. EVENTS IN SICILY DOWN TO THE EXPULSION OF THE GELONIAN DYN- ASTY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF POPULAE GOVERNMENTS THEOUGH- OUT THE ISLAND. Agrigentum and Gela superior to Syracuse before 500 B.C. — Phalaris despot of Agrigentum. — Syi-acuse in 500 B.C. — oligarchical government under the Gamori. or privileged descendants of the original proprietary colonists — the Demos — the Kyllyrii, or Serfs. — Early governments of