Page:History of Greece Vol IV.djvu/426

 408 HISTORY OF GREECE. the disciples, and were thus thrown into the background, whil ull that was seen and felt without, was the political predominance of an ambitious fraternity, we need not wonder that Pythagor- isra in all its parts became odious to a large portion of the com- munity. Moreover, we find the order represented not merely as constituting a devoted and exclusive political party, but also aa manifesting an ostentatious self-conceit throughout their personal demeanor, 1 refusing the hand of fellowship to all except the brethren, and disgusting especially their own familiar friends and kinsmen. So far as we know Grecian philosophy, this is the only instance in which it was distinctly abused for political and party objects: the early days of the Pythagorean order stand distinguished for such perversion, which, fortunately for the prog- ress of philosophy, never presented itself afterwards in Greece. 2 Even at Athens, however, we shall hereafter see that Sokrates, though standing really aloof from all party intrigue, incurred much of his unpopularity from supposed political conjunction with Kritias and Alkibiades, 3 to which, indeed, the orator 1 Apollonius ap. Jamblichum, V. P. c. 254, 255, 256, 257. qye/uovef Se ivovTO r^f fiiaQopuf oi raZf avyjevc'iaif KOI ralf oineioTrjaiv h/yvrara f TUV vdayopELuv. Alnov <5' jjv, on TU fj.ev 7ro/Aa CI/-GIC TUV irpaTTopevuv, etc. : compare also the lines descriptive of Pythag- oras, c. 259. Tot)f fiev eraipovc ijyev loovg /j.aKupEaai deoloi. Totf d' uA ?-vf ijyelT 1 OVT' h> /loyu, iv api9//ti. That this Apollonius, cited both by Jamblichus and by Porphyry, is Apollonius of Tyana, has been rendered probable by Meiners (Gesch. der Wissensch. v. i, pp. 239-245) : compare Welcker, Prolegomena ad Theognid. pp. xlv, xlvi. When we read the life of Apollonius by Philostratus, we see that the former was himself extremely communicative : he might be the rather dis- posed therefore to think that the seclusion and reserve of Pythagoras was a defect, and to ascribe to it much of the mischief which afterwards overtook the order. 2 Schleiermacher observes, that " Philosophy among the Pythagoreans was connected with political objects, and their school with a practical brotherly partnership, such as was never on any other occasion seen in Greece." (In- troduction to his Translation of Plato, p. 12.) See also Theopompus, Fr. 08, ed. Didot, apud Athenreum, v, p. 213, and Euripides, Medea, 294 3 Xenophon, Memorab. i, 2, 12 : -3ischin2s, cont. Timarch. c. 34. i'ftelf, a 'A'5jvotot, "LuKpini] rbv aotytarrjv uTfJcrtivare, on Kpiriav tipuvrj K&C, iva TUV T(HUKOlT(l.