Page:History of Greece Vol IV.djvu/16

 x CON1ENTS. CHAPTER XXXVI. FROM THE IONIC REVOLT TO THE BATTLE OF MAP.A7IIOW. Proceedings of the satrap Artaphernes after the reconquest of Ionia Mardonius comes with an army into Ionia he puts down the despots in the Greek cities. He marches into Thrace and Macedonia his fleet destroyed by a terrible storm near Mount Athos he returns into Asia. Island of Thasos prepares to revolt from the Persians forced to submit. Preparations of Darius for invading Greece he sends her- alds round the Grecian towns to demand earth and water many of them submit. ^Egina among those towns which submitted state and relations of this island. Heralds from Darius are put to death, both at Athens and Sparta. Effects of this act in throwing Sparta into a state of hostility against Persia. The Athenians appeal to Sparta, in conse- quence of the medisin (or submission to the Persians) of ^Egina. Inter- ference of Sparta her distinct acquisition and acceptance of the leader- ship of Greece. One condition of recognized Spartan leadership was, the extreme weakness of Argos at this moment. Victorious war of Sparta against Argos. Destruction of the Argeians by Klcomenes, in the grove of the hero Argus. Kleomenes returns without having at- tacked the city of Argos. He is tried his peculiar mode of defence acquitted. Argos unable to interfere with Sparta in the affair of JEgina and in her presidential power. Kleomenes goes to JSgina tt seize the medizing leaders resistance made to him, at the instigatioi of his colleague Demaratus. Demaratus is deposed, and Leotychide! chosen king, by the intrigues of Kleomenes. Demaratus leaves Sparta and goes to Darius. Kleomenes and Leotychides go to yEgina, seize ten hostages, and convey them as prisoners to Athens. Important effect of this proceeding upon the result of the first Persian invasion of Greece. Assemblage of the vast Persian armament under Datis at Samos. He crosses the YEgean carries the island of Naxos without resistance respects Delos. He reaches Enbcea siege and capture of Eretria. Datis lands at Marathon. Existing condition and character of the Athenians. Miltiades his adventures chosen one of the ten gen- erals in the year in which the Persians landed at Marathon. Themisto- klps and Aristeides. Miltiades. Aristeides. and perhaps Themistoklcs, were now among the ten strategi, or generals, in 490 B.C. The Athe- nians ask aid from Sparta delay of the Spartans. Difference of opin- ion among the ten Athenian generals five of them recommend an im- mediate battle, the other five are adverse to it. Urgent instances of Miltiades in favor of an immediate battle casting-vote of the polemarch determines it. March of the Athenians to Marathon the Platocans spontaneously join them there. Numbers of the armies. Locality of Marathon. Battle of Marathon rapid charge of Miltiades defeat of the Persians. Loss on both sides. Ulterior plans of the Persians against Athens party in Attica favorable to them. Rapid march of Miltiades back to Athens on the day of the battle. The Pershun aban- don the enterprise, and return home. Athens rescued through the speedy battle brought on by Miltiades. Change of Grecian feeling aa to the Persians terror which the latter ins]i red at the time of the battle of Marathon. Immense effect of the Marathonian victory on the feel- ings of the Greeks - - especially of the Athenians. "Who were the tnxi