Page:History of Greece Vol IV.djvu/150

 132 mSTORY OF GREECE. Leontis, Akamantis, CEneis, KekrOpis, Hippothoomis, JEanlus, Antiochis ; names borrowed chiefly from the respected heroes of Attic legend. 1 This number remained unaltered until the year 305 B.C., when it was increased to twelve by the addition of two new tribes, Antigonias and Demetrias, afterwards designated anew by the names of Ptolemais and Attalis. The mere names of these last two, borrowed from living kings, and not from legen- dary heroes, betray the change from freedom to subservience at Athens. Each tribe comprised a certain number of demes, cantons, parishes, or townships, in Attica. But the total num- ber of these demes is not distinctly ascertained ; for though we know that, in the time of Polemo (the third century B.C.), it was one hundred and seventy-four, we cannot be sure that it had always remained the same; and several critics construe the words of Herodotus to imply that Kleisthenes at first recognized exactly one hundred demes, distributed in equal proportion among his ten tribes. 2 But such construction of the words is more than doubtful, while the fact itself is improbable ; partly because if the change of number had been so considerable as the difference between one hundred and one hundred and seventy-four, some positive evidence of it would probably be found, partly be- cause Kleisthenes would, indeed, have a motive to render the amount of citizen population nearly equal, but no motive to ren- der the number of demes equal, in each of the ten tribes. It is well known how great is the force of local habits, and how unal- terable are parochial or cantonal boundaries. In the absence of 1 Respecting these Eponymous Heroes of the Ten Tribes, and the legends connected with them, see chapter viii of the 'E^ra^of Aoyof, erroneously ascribed to Demosthenes. Schomann contends that Kleisthenes established exactly one hundred demes to the ten tribes (De Comitiis Atheniensium, Praef. p. xv and p. 363, and Antiquitat. Jur. Pub. Graec. ch. xxii, p. 260), and K. F. Hermann (Lchrbuch der Griech. Staats Alt. ch. Ill) thinks that this is what He- rodotus meant to affirm, though he does not believe the fact to have really stood so. I incline, as the least difficulty in the case, to construe dixa with rtsjAdf nnd not with dquovc, as Wachsmnth (i, 1, p. 271) and Dietcrich (Da CHsthene, a treatise cited by K. F. Hermann, but which I have not cen) construe it.
 * Herodot. v, 69. d'-na 6e nal rovf Aqftovc Karevffie f raf 0vAuf.