Page:History of Greece Vol III.djvu/80

64 There is one remarkable difference between the Roman and the Grecian gens, arising from the different practice in regard to naming. A Roman patrician bore habitually three names, the gentile name, with one name following it to denote his family, and another preceding it peculiar to himself in that family. But in Athens, at least after the revolution of Kleisthenes, the gentile name was not employed: a man was described by his own single name, followed first by the name of his-father, and next by that of the deme to which he belonged, as Æschines, son of Atrom-

names of domes, bearing the patronymic form, are found in Harpokration and Stephanus Byz. alone. .-

We do not know that the ever constituted a, but the name of the deme is evidently given, upon the same principle, to a place chiefly occupied by potters. The gens are said to have been called and as well as Kotpuvi6ai : the names of gentes and those of demes seem not always distinguishable. 1 The Butadae, though a highly venerable gens, also ranked as a deme (see the Psephism about Lykurgus in Plutarch, Vit. x. Orator, p. 852): yet we do not know that there was any locality called Butadae. Perhaps some of the names above noticed may be simply names of gentes, enrolled as demes, but without meaning to imply any community of abode among the mem- bers. The members of the Roman gens occupied adjoining residences, on some occasions, to what extent we do not know ( Heiberg, De Familiari Patri ciorum Nexu, ch. 24, 25. Sleswic, 1829). We find the same patronymic names of demes and villages elsewhere : in Kos and Rhodes (Ross, Inscr. Gr. ined., Nos. 15-26. Halle, 1846) ; Ltstadce in Naxos (Aristotle ap. Athenae. viii, p. 348 ) ; Botachidce at Tcgea (Steph. Byz. in v) ; Branchidce, near Miletus, etc ; and an interesting illustration is afforded, in other times and other places, by the frequency of the ending ikon in villages near Zurich in Switzerland, Mezikon, Nennikon, Wezikon, etc. Bliintschli, in his history of Zurich, shows that these terminations arc abridgments of inghoven, including an original patronymic element, indi- cating the primary settlement of members of a family, or of a band bearing the name of its captain, on the same spot (Bliintschli, Staats and Rechts Geschiehte dcr Stadt Zurich, vol. i, p. 26). In other Inscriptions from the island of Kos, published by Professor Ross, we have a deme mentioned (without name), composed of three coalescing gentes., " In hoc et sequente titulo alium jam deprehendimus demum Count, e tribus gentibus appcllatione patronymica conflatum, Antimaehidnrtim, j^giliensium, Archiclarum." (Ross, Inscript. Gra;c. Ine<f. Fascic. iii, No 307, p. 44. Berlin, 1845.) This is a specimen of the process systematically introduced by Kleisthenes in Attica.