Page:History of Greece Vol III.djvu/228

 212 HISTORY OF GREECE. both the Doliones and the Bebrykians were included in the greaj Phrygian name j 1 and even in the ancient .poem called " Phoro- nis," which can hardly be placed later than GOO B. c., the Dak- tyls of Mount Ida, the great discoverers of metallurgy, are expressly named Phrygian.2 The custom of the Attic tragic poets to call the inhabitants of the Troad Phrygians, does not necessarily imply any translation of inhabitants, but an employ- ment of the general name, as better known to the audience whom they addressed, in preference to the less notorious specific name, just as the inhabitants of Bithynia might be described either as Bithynians or as Asiatic Thracians. If, as the language of Herodotus and Ephorus 3 would seem to imply, we suppose the Phrygians to be at a considerable dis- tance from the coast and dwelling only in the interior, it will be difficult to explain to ourselves how or where the early Greek colonists came to be so much influenced by them ; whereas the supposition that the tribes occupying the Troad and the region of Ida were Phrygians elucidates this point. And the fact 13 incontestable, that both Phrygians and Lydians did not only modify the religious manifestations of the Asiatic Greeks, and through them of the Grecian world generally, but also ren- dered important aid towards the first creation of the Grecian musical scale. Of this the denominations of the scale afford a proof. Three primitive musical modes were employed by the Greek poets, in the earliest times of which later authors could find any account, the Lydian, which was the most acute, the Dorian, which was the most grave, and the Phrygian, intermediate between the two ; the highest note of the Lydian being one tone higher, that of the Dorian one tone lower, than the highest note of the Phrygian scale. 4 Such were the three modes or scales, 1 Strabo, xiv, p. 678 : compare xiii, p. 586. The legend makes Dolion son of Silenus, who is so much connected with the Phrygian Midas (Alex- and. TEtolus ap. Strabo, xiv, p. 681). 3 Phoronis, Fragm. 5, ed. Diintzer, p. 57 'Waloi 4'pvytf uvdpet;, fy>t'crr/>o, o'lKdd' Zvaiov, etc. 3 Ephorus ap. Strabo, xiv, 678 ; Herodot. v, 49. 4 See the learned and valuable Dissertation of Boeckh, DC Mctris Pindari, iii, 8, pp. 235-239