Page:History of Greece Vol III.djvu/204

 188 HISTORY OF GKKKCK. Ortyges and his companions were put to death with cruel tortures and the same tortures were inflicted upon their innocent wives and children, 1 a degree of cruelty which would at no time have found place amidst a community of European Greeks : even in the murderous party dissensions of Korkyra during the Pelopon- nesian Avar, death was not aggravated by preliminary tortures. Aristotle 2 mentions the oligarchy of the Basilids as having existed in Erythroe, and as having been overthrown by a democratical revolution, although prudently managed : to what period this is to be referred we do not know. Klazomenae is said to have been founded by a wandering party, either of lonians or of inhabitants from Kleonre and Phlius, under Parphorus or Paralus : and PhCkaea by a band of Phoki- ans under Philogenes and Damon. This last-mentioned town was built at the end of a peninsula which formed part of the ter- ritory of the JEolic Kyme : the Kymaaans were induced to cede it amicably, and to permit the building of the new town. The Phokteans asked and obtained permission to enrol themserves in the Pan-Ionic amphiktyony ; but the permission is said to have been granted only on condition that they should adopt members of the Kodrid family as their oekists ; and they accordingly invited from Erythrae and Teos three chiefs belonging to that family or gens, Decetes, Periklus, and Abartus. 3 Smyrna, originally an JEolic colony, established from Kyme fell subsequently into the hands of the lonians of Kolophon. A party of exiles from the latter city, expelled during an intestine dispute, were admitted by the Smyrnoeans into their city, a favor which they repaid by shutting the gates and seizing the 1 Hippias ap. Athen. vi, p. 259 ; Polya:n. viii, 44, gives another story about Knopus. Erythrae, called KVUTTOVTTU^. (Steph. Byz. v.) The story told by Polyaenus about the dictum of the oracle, and the con- sequent stratagem, whereby Knopus made himself master of Erythrse, represents that town as powerful anterior to the Ionic occupation (Polyoen. viii, 43). 8 Aristot. Polit. v, 5, 4. 3 Pansan. vii, 3, 3. In Pausanias the name stands Abariua; but it probably ought to be Alxirnus, the cponymus of Cape Abarr.is in the Pho* ksean territory : sec Stephan. Byz. v, 'A/3api>tf- Raoul Rochette puts Abar- nns without making any remark (Ilistoire des Colonies Grecqnes, b. iv, c 13, p. 95).