Page:History of Greece Vol II.djvu/475

 SYSTEMATIC DRILLING RARE 111 GREECE. 459 Lave been six in all. Respecting the number of each division, and the proportion of the larger to the smaller, we find state- ments altogether different, yet each resting upon good authority, - so that we are driven to suppose that there was no peremp- tory standard, and that the enomoty comprised twenty-five, thirty- two, or thirty-six men ; the pentekostys, two or four enomoties ; the lochus, two or four pentekosties, and the mora, four hundred, five hundred, six hundred, or nine hundred men, at different times, or according to the limits of age which the ephors might prescribe for the men whom they called into the field. 1 What remains fixed in the system is, first, the small number, though varying within certain limits, of the elementary company called enomoty, trained to act together, and composed of men nearly of the same age, 2 in which every man knew his place ; secondly, the scale of divisions and the hierarchy of officers, each rising above the other, the enomotarch, the pentekonter, the lochage, and the polemarch, or commander of the mora, each having the charge of their respective divisions. Orders were anything, proves the contrary of his position. He gives no other evidence to support it, and I think it in the highest degree improbable. I have nl- re?4y remarked that he understands the expression TTO^ITIHJ} <jpa (i n Poly- bins, vi. 45) to mean the district of Sparta itself as contradistinguished from Laconia, a construction which seems to me not warranted by the passage in Polybius. 1 Aristotle, Aanuvuv Holureia, Fragm. 5-6, ed. Neumann: Photius v. Ao^of. Harpokration, Mopa. Etymologic. Mag. Mopa. The statement of Aristotle is transmitted so imperfectly that we cannot make out clearly what it was. Xenophon says that there were six mora in all, comprehending all the citizens of military age (Rep. Lac. 11, 3). But Ephorus stated the mora at five hundred men, Kallisthenes at seven hundred, and Polybius at nine hundred (Phitarch, Pelopid. 17 ; Diodor. xv. 32). If all the citizens compe- tent to bear arms were comprised in six morac, the numbers of each mora must of course have varied. At the battle of Mantineia, there were seven Lacedcemonian lochi, each lochus containing four pentekosties, and each pentekosty containing four enomoties : Thucydides seems, as I before remarked, to make each enomoty thirty-two men. But Xenophon tells us that each mora had four lochi, each lochus two pentekosties, and each pen- tekosty two enomoties (Rep. Lac. 11, 4). The names of these divisions remained the same, but the numbers varied. 2 This is implied in the fact, that the men under thirty or under thirty- five years of age, were often detached in a battle to ptrsue the light troops f the enemy (Xen. Hellen. iv. 5. 15-16).