Page:History of Greece Vol II.djvu/16

 xu CONTENTS. scnian licro Aristomcnes. Dates of the first wars B.C. 743-724. Causes alleged by the Spartans. Spartan king Tclcklus slain by th Messenians at the temple of Artemis Limnatis. First Mcssenian war. Messenian kings, Euphaes and Aristodemus. Messenians concentrate themselves on Mount Ithome after a long siege they are completely conquered. Harsh treatment and Hclotism of the conquered Messeniam under Sparta, Revolt of the Messenians against Sparta second Me? scnian war Aristomenes. His chivalrous exploits and narrow escapes end of the second war. The Messenians again conquered. Narra- tive of Pausanias, borrowed from the poet Rhianus, is undeserving of credit. The poet Tyrtaius, the ally of Sparta his great efficiency and influence over the Spartan mind. Musical susceptibilities of the Spartans. Powerful ethical effect of the old Grecian music. Sufferings of the Spartans in the second Mcssenian war. Date of the second war, B. c. 648-631. Punishment of the traitor Aristokrates, king of the Arcadian Orchomenus. Spartans acquire the country west of Taygctus. The Messenian Dorians had no considerable fortified places lived in small townships and villages. Relations of Pisa and Elis. Struggles of the Pisatae and Triphylians for autonomy the latter in after times sustained by the political interests of Sparta 421-440 CHAPTER VIII. CONQUESTS OP SPARTA TOWARDS ARCADIA AXD ARGOLI8. State of Arcadia. Tegea and Mantineia the most powerful Arcadian towns, before the building of Megalopolis. Encroachments of Sparta upon the southern boundary of Arcadia. Unsuccessful attempts of the Spartans against Tegea. They are directed by the oracle to bring to Sparta the bones of the hero Orestes. Their operations against Tegea become moro successful ; nevertheless, Tegea maintains her independence. Bounda- ries of Sparta towards Argos conquest of Thyreatis by Sparta. Battle of the three hundred select champions, between Sparta and Argos, to decide the possession of the Thyreatis valor of Othryades. Thryeatis comes into possession of Sparta efforts of the Argeians to recover it. Altera- tion of Grecian opinion, as to the practice of deciding disputes by select champions. Kynurians in Argolis, said to be of Ionic race, but Dorized. Full acquisition of the southern portion of Peloponnesus, from sea to sea, by the Spartans before 540 B.C. Great comparative power of Sparta at that early time. Careful personal training of the Spartans at a time when other states had no training at all. Military institutions of Sparfr. Peculiar and minute military subdivisions, distinct from the civil EiiO- moties, etc. Careful drilling of the Enomotics. In other Grecian cities there were no peculiar military divisions distinct from the civil. Recog- nized superiority of Sparta a part of early Grecian sentiment coinci- dent with the growing tendency to increased communion. Homeric mode of fighting probably belonged to Asia, not to Greece. Argos her struggles to recover the headship of Greece. Her conquest of Mycenae, Tiryns, and Kleonae. Nemean games. Achaia twelve autonomous towns, perhaps more little known 441-466