Page:History of Greece Vol II.djvu/14

 CONTENTS. Argos and the neighboring Dorians greater than Sparta in 776 n. c. Early settlements of the Dorians at Argos and Corinth Temenion Hill of Solygeius. Dorian settlers arrived by sea. Early Dorians ir. Krete. The Dryopians their settlements formed by sea. Dorian set- tlements in Argos quite distinct from those in Sparta and in Messenia, Early position of Argos metropolis of the neighboring Dorian cities. Pheidon the Temcnid king of Argos. His claims and projects as representative of Herakles. He claims the right of presiding at the Olympic games. Relations of Pisa with Pheidon, and of Sparta with Elis. Conflict between Pheidon and the Spartans, at or about the 8th Olympiad, 747 B. c. Pheidon the earliest Greek who coined money and determined a scale of weight. Coincidence of the ^Eginiean scale with the Babylonian. Argos at this time the first state in Peloponnesus. Her subsequent decline, from the relaxation of her confederacy of cities. Dorians in the Argolic peninsula their early commerce with the Dorian islands in the -ZEgean. From hence arose the coinage of money, etc., by Pheidon. Pheidonian coinage and statical scale belong originally to Argos, not to JEgina. 298-325 CHAPTER V. JETOLO-DORIAN EMIGRATION INTO PELOPONNESUS. ELIS, LACOSTIA, AND MESSENIA. JEtolian emigration into Peloponnesus. Dorians of Sparta and Steny klerus accompanying or following them across the Corinthian gulf. Settlement at Sparta made by marching along the valleys of the Alpheiu and Eurotas. Causes which favored the settlement Settlements con- fined at first to Sparta and Stenyklerus. First view of historical Sparta. Mcssenian kings. Analogous representations in regard to the early proceedings both of Spartans and Messenians. The kings of Steny- klerus did not possess all Messenia. Olympic festival the early point of union of Spartans, Messenians, and Elcians. Previous inhabitants of southern Peloponnesus how far different from the Dorians. Doric anr* ./Eolic dialect,. 325-33? CHAPTER VI. LAWS AND DISCIPLINE OP LYKURGL'S AT SI'ARTA. Lykurgus authorities of Plutarch respecting him. Uncertainties about his genealogy. Probable date of Lykurgus. Opinion of 0. Miiller (that Sparta is the perfect type of Dorian character and tendencies) is incorrect. Peculiarity of Sparta. Early date of Lvkurgus. View taken of Lykurgus by Herodotus. Little said about Lykurgus in the earlier authors. Copious details of Plutarch. Regency of Lykurgus his long absence from Sparta. He is sent by the Delphian oracle to reform the state. His institutions ascribed to him senate and popular assembly ephors. Constitution ascribed to Lykurgus agrees with that which we find in Homer. Pair of kings at Sparta their constant dis- sensions a security to the state against despotism. Idea of Kleomenes the Third respecting the first appointment of the ephors. Popular origin of the board of ephors oath interchanged between them and the kings,