Page:History of Greece Vol I.djvu/207

 LYKAON AND HIS SONS. i75 Pausanias then proceeds to censure those who, by multiplying talse miracles in more recent times, tended to rob the old and genuine miracles of their legitimate credit and esteem. The passage illustrates forcibly the views which a religious and in- structed pagan took of his past time how inseparably he blend- ed together in it gods and men, and how little he either recognized or expected to find in it the naked phenomena and historical laws of connection which belonged to the world before him. He treats the past as the province of legend, the present as that of history ; and in doing this he is more sceptical than the persons with whom he conversed, who believed not only in the ancient, but even in the recent and falsely reported miracles. It is true that Pausanias does not always proceed consistently with this position : he often rationalizes the stories of the past, as if he expected to find historical threads of connection ; and sometimes, though more rarely, accepts the miracles of the present. But in the present instance he draws a broad line of distinction between present and past, or rather between what is recent and what is ancient : his criticism is, in the main, analogous to that of Arrian in regard to the Amazons denying their existence during times of recorded history, but admitting it during the early and un- recorded ages. In the narrative of Pausanias, the sons of Lykaon, instead of perishing by thunder from Zeus, become the founders of the various towns in Arcadia. And as that region was subdivided into a great number of small and independent townships, each having its own eponym, so the Arcadian heroic genealogy appears broken up and subdivided. Pallas, Orestheus, Phigalus, Trape- zeus, Mamalus, Mantineus, and Tegeates, are all numbered among the sons of Lykaon, and are all eponyms of various Arcadian towns. 1 The legend respecting Kallisto and Arkas, the eponym of Arcadia generally, seems to have been originally quite independ ent of and distinct from that of Lykaon. Eumelus, indeed, and F.ome other poets made Kallisto daughter of Lykaon ; but neither Hesiod, nor Asius, nor Pherekydes, acknowledged any relation- ship between them. 2 The beautiful Kallisto, companion of 1 P*us. viii. 3. Hygin. fab. 177. 8 Apollod. iii. 8, 2.