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 Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of, 5 8 4 Franks, preamble of the Salic law of, 200 Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 Frederic the Great and 1fachiavelli's political schemes, 227 ignorant opposition of, to Machia- velli's works, 218 Frederic 1 I., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church, 555 Lombard law of, 152; its provisions, 555, 55 6 Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing, Mill on, 28ó Freedom (see also Liberty) accorded to English Catholics, 438 in antiquity- age of Pericles, 9 antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism, 5 cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under Republic, 15 dangers of monarchy, of aristo- cracy and democracy, 19, 20 decline of Athenian constitution, II definition of liberty, 3 early communism and utilitarian- ism, 17, 18 emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule, 24 guiding principle of Roman Re- public, 13 highest teaching of classical civilisa- tion powerless to a vert despotism, 27 history of institutions often decep- tive and illusive, 2 implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery, 25, 26 influence of Christianity over the State, gradual, 27 infusion of Greek ideas of states- manship among Romans, 16 liberty, highest political end, 22, 23,24 limitation and excess in duties of State, 4 method of growth of constitution, 5 nature of government of Israelites, 4 object of constitutions, 10 reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham, 3 representative government, eman- cipation of slaves, and liberty of

INDEX

61 3

conscience not a subject of classical literature, 25, 26 revision ot laws of Athens by Solon, 6 sanction of Christ the true defini- tion of the authority of govern- ment, 29 teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics, 22 teaching of Pythagoras and Hera- clitus of Ephesus, 2 I, 22 triumphs due to minorities, I, 4 value of federalism, 20 vice of the Classic State, 16 wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality, 18 Freedom in Christianity, history of- Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire, 30, 31 civil, its two worst enemies, 300 conscience, a postulate of religious revolution, 153 Freeholders, " divine right of, oJ estab- lished by Revolution of 1688" 54 Freeman, Döllinger on, as a historian, 4 21 on Mommsen's want of generous sen- timent, 222 French Belgium, see Historical Philo- soþhy in France and French Catholics, reasons of their con- fusion between piety and ferocity, 14 1 clergy, and the St, Bartholomew, 126-7 & notes monarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing, reasons for both, 278-80 people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres, 143 et seq, how regarded after the Revolution, 277 provincial massacres of Huguenots, n8- I 9, 134 writers, influence of, on Döllinger, 3 8 7 scholarship, dependence on, of Mr, H. C, Lea, 558 French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph, 590 French Revolution, see Revolution, French Frohschammer, 473-7 conflict with Rome, 462, 4 6 7, 4 6 9, 473-4 8 3 Fu1codius, Cardinal, see Clement IV. Fulda, council of bishops at. 5 1 7 Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy, 509