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ESSAYS ON LIBERTY

I talian and Spanish usage. It \vas reprinted, with other treatises of the same kind, in the eleventh volume of the Tractatus. Some of these treatises, and the notes of Cam- peggio and Simancas, are passed over by Mr. Lea \vithout notice. But he appreciates Zanchini so well that he has had him copied from a manuscript in France. Very much against his habit, he prints one entire sentence, from which it appears that his copy does not agree to the letter \vith the published text. I t is not clear in every case whether he is using print or manuscript. One of the most interest- ing directions for inquisitors, and one of the earliest, was written by Cardinal Fulcodius, better known as Clement IV. Mr. Lea citcs him a dozen times, always accurately, always telling us scrupulously which of the fifteen chapters to consult. The treatise of Fulcodius occupies a few pages in Carena, \ De Officio S.S. Illquisitionis, in which, besides other valuable matter, there are notes by Carena himself, and a tract by Pegna, the perpetual commentator of the Inquisition. This is one of the first eight or ten books \vhich occur to anyone whose duty it is to lay in an inquisitor's library. Not only we are never told where to find Fulcodius, but \vhen Carena is mentioned it is so done as to defy verification. Inartistic references are not, in this instance, a token of inadequate study. But a book designed only for readers who know at a glance where to lay their finger on S. Francis. Collat.lIfonasticae, Collat. 20, or Post constt. 1 V. XIX. Cod. 1. v. will be slow in recover- ing outlay. Not his acquaintance \vith rare books only, which might be the curiosity of an epicurean, but with the right and appropriate book, amazes the reader. Like most things attributed to Abbot Joachim, the Vaticinia Pontificu1n is a volume not in common use, and decent people may be found who never saw a copy. lVlr. Lea says: "I have met with editions of Venice issued in 1589, 1600, 1605, and 1646, of Ferrara in 159 I, of Frankfort in 1608, of Padua in 1625, and of Naples in 1660, and there are doubtless numerous others." This is the general level throughout; the rare failures disappear in the imposing