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ESSAYS ON LIBERTY

that was springing up in H ungary.l Unlike Schwarzen- berg, Dupanloup, and Maret, the Archbishop of Paris had taken no hostile step in reference to the Council, but he was feared the most of all' the men expected at Rome. The Pope had refused to make him a cardinal, and had written to him a letter of reproof such as has seldom been received by a bishop. It was felt that he was hostile, not episodically, to a single measure, but to the peculiar spirit of this pontificate. He had none of the conventional prejudices and assumed antipathies which are congenial to the hierarchical mind. He was without passion or pathos or affectation; and he had good sense, a perfect temper, and an intolerable wit. It was characteristic of him that he made the Syllabus an occasion to impress moderation on the Pope: " Your blame has power, 0 Vicar of Jesus Christ; but your blessing is more potent still. God has raised you to the apostolic See between the two halves of this century, that you may absolve the one and inaugurate the other. Be it yours I to reconcile reason with faith, liberty with authority, politics with the Church. From the height of that triple majesty with which religion, age, and misfortune adorn you, all that you do and all that you say reaches far, to disconcert or to encourage the nations. Give them from your large priestly heart one word to amnesty the past, to reassure the present, and to open the horizons of the future." The security into which many unsuspecting bishops

1 Non solum ea quae ad scholas theologicas pertinent scholis relinquantur, sed etiam doctrinae quae a fidelibus pie tenentur et coluntur, sine gravi causa in codicem dogmatum ne inferantur. In specie ne Con cilium declaret vel definiat infallibili- tatem Summi Pontificis, a doctissimis et prudentissimis fidelibus Sanctae sedi intime addictis, vehementer optatur, Gravia enim mala exinde oritura timent turn fidelibus turn infidelibus. Fideles enim, qui Primatum magisterii et jurisdiction is in Summo Pontifice ultro agnoscunt, quorum pi etas et obedientia erga Sanctam Sedem nullo certe tempore major fuit, corde turbarentur magis quam erigerentur, ac si nunc demum fundamentum Ecc1esiae et verae doctrinae stabiliendum sit; infideles vero novam calumniarum et derisionum materiam lucrarentur, Neque desunt, qui ejusmodi definitionem logice impossibilem vocant,,. . N ostris diebus defensio veri tat is ac religionis turn praesertim efficax et fructuosa est, si sacerdotes a lege caeterorum civium minus recedunt, sed communibus omnium juribus utuntur, ita ut vis defensionis sit in veritate interna non per tutelam externae exemtionis,. . . Praesertim Ecc1esia se scientiarum, quae hominem ornant per- ficiuntque,. amicc:m et patronam exhibeat, probe noscens, omne verum a Deo esse, et profunda ac seri.1literarum studia opitulari fidei.