Page:History of California (Bancroft) volume 6.djvu/16



X CONTENTS.

CHAPTER  XX.

nXICAN LAND  TTTLKL

1861-1887.

PAOB

The Coloiusatioii  System— Land  Orants  by  Spain  and  Mexico— -Informal- itiee of  Title— Treaty  Obligations  of  the  United  States— Effect  of  the Gold Discovery — ^The  Squatters — ^Reports  of  Jones  and  Halleck — Discussions in  Congress — Fremcmt,  Benton,  and  Gwin — ^The  Act  of 1851 — ^The  Land  Commiasion — ^Progress  and  Statistics  of  Litigation — Principles — ^Floating Grants — Surveys — Fraudulent  Claims— Speci- men Cases — Castillero— Frteont — Gomes — ^Limantour — Peralta — — SantiUan — Sutter — iVallejo — Mission Lands — Friars,  Neophytes, and Church — Pico's  Sales — Archbishop's  Claim — ^Pueblo  Lands — The Case of  San  Francisco— Statistics  of  1880 — More  of  Squatterism — Black and  Jones — Attempts  to  Reopen  Litigation — General  Conclu- sions— ^The Act  of  1851  Oppressive  and  Ruinous — ^What  should  have been Done 529

CHAPTER XXI.

FILIBU8TBBINO. 1860-1860.

Attractions of  Spanish  America  to  Unprincipled  Men  of  the  United States — ^Filibustering in  Texas — ^The  Morehead  Expedition  from California to  Mexico — Failure — Charles  de  Pindray's  Efforts  and Death — Raoulx de  Raousset-Boulbon's  Attempts  at  Destruction — Capture of  Hermosillo  and  Return  to  San  Francisco — ^Trial  of  Del Valle— Raousset's Death  at  Guaymas — Walker's  Operations — ^Re- public of Lower  California — Walker  in  Sonora — Walker  in  Nicara- gua— His Execution  in  Honduras — Crabb,  the  Stockton  Lawyer. . . . 582

CHAPTER XXn.

7INAH0B8.

1840-1860.

An Empty  Treasury— Temporary  State  Loan  Act— State  Debt— Licenses and Taxation — Blxtravagance  and  Peculation — Alarming  Liorease  of Debt — ^Bonds — State  Indebtedness  Illegal — ^Repudiation  Rejected — Thieving Officials — Enormous  Payments  to  Steamship  Companies — Federal Appropriations— Indian  Agents — Mint — ^Navy-yard — Fortifi- cations— Coast Survey — ^Land  Commission — ^Public  Lands — Home- stead Act — Educatioxud Interests — ^The  People  above  All 604

CHAPTER XXm.

POLITICAL HiarroBT.

1850-1854.

Quality of  our  Early  Rulers — Governor  Burnett— (Governor  McDoogal — Senatorial  Election — Sowing  Dragon's  Teeth — ^Democratio  Conven-