Page:History of Art in Phrygia, Lydia, Caria and Lycia.djvu/373

 FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE. 357 coming in contact with the damp earth, rest the lower cross-beams, A, B. It will be observed that the mode of connecting these and the various timbers that make up the frame is by scarfing, well seen in the side-posts, c. At the angle where the pieces meet, we some- times find the broad head of a pin, driven in to secure the work. D is a double girder, which not only prevents the uprights from spreading, but supports the principal rafters that form the under portion of the roof, and ties them in at their feet as well. Then comes the real cover- ing, which is hori- zontal, and consists first of small beams closely put together, 1 the extremities pro- jecting well beyond the fa9ade, upon which were laid beds of earth beaten down. Above it is the cornice, com- posed of three beams set lightly in advance one of the others, and made to cross at the four corners. It thus constitutes in plan a salient and stout capping, well calculated to keep in place the clay underneath. Our illustration (Fig. 250), which represents one of these sepulchral fa9ades, will enable the reader to grasp the disposition of this class of roofs. The spaces between the main beams of the principal facades are filled in with a wood framing of square pieces, which divide the surface into recessed panels, like those of a ceiling, the number of which is regulated by the size and height of the fabric. The back and side walls are quite plain and closed with flat boards, which the sculptor often utilized by covering the rock-cut tomb with bas-reliefs (Fig. 251). The wall-plates or horizontal beams, N, I, K, that divide the surface into compartments, correspond with the stories of the wooden hut, and, together with the up- rights, support the joists of the floor, or ceilings, M. A side view 1 In a tomb at Pinara the round beams of the roof are replaced by square joists, but this is the exception, not the rule (BENNDORF, fieisen). FIG. 250. Tomb at Keuibashi. BENNDORK, Keiseii, torn. i. Fi^. 80.