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of the Federal forces. Occasionally papers temporarily suspended for the same reason as that given by The Daily Confederate, of Macon, Georgia: "There was no paper issued from The Con- federate office on Sunday morning. Every man in the establish- ment was in the field on Saturday. We hope our subscribers will consider this a sufficient excuse. Two of our employees, we believe, were 'shot in the neck.'"

INKS AND NEAR-INKS

The scarcity of ink caused the publishers of newspapers in the South almost as much annoyance as the scarcity of paper. The poor typographical appearance of some papers was not the fault of the printer, but of the materials with which he had to work. Home-made inks, though often so poorly mixed that they did not spread evenly over the rollers, nevertheless gave a far better impression than did some of the substitutes or "near inks." The extremity to which certain publishers were put when print- ing-ink could no longer be bought from the North was illus- trated rather forcibly when they were compelled to print their sheets with ordinary shoe-blacking. The Memphis Appeal was one of these papers which had to employ such a substitute for ink.

NEWSPAPER TICKETS

When federal troops occupied Southern cities and permitted the publication of its newspapers, under certain restrictions, some difficulty was experienced in arranging payment for sub- scriptions. Usually this difficulty was met by selling tickets in amounts ranging from two to five dollars in Federal currency. Each ticket thus sold was good for one copy of the paper daily during the time for which the subscription had been paid. Oc- casionally notes for amounts mentioned, payable in thirty days, were taken from responsible parties. In other instances all copies were sold over the newspaper counter and only coin was ac- cepted in payment. Resentment was felt by the local citizens because Confederate bills were refused as of no value what-