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the insignia in his pocket, watch the fracas as a spectator. The reforms in the police department brought about by The Herald added much to the respect for law and order in New York. Pos- sibly the penny press of Philadelphia secured even greater reforms for that city. The press was again simply a mirror of the transformations of overgrown villages into metropolitan cities and of isolated States and Territories into a Nation.

GREELEY, SEWARD, AND WEED

During the time when the penny press was being established in the larger cities, Horace Greeley was interested in various newspaper enterprises. His entrance into New York City in 1831, because of his peculiarities of dress and mannerisms, might be paralleled to that of Benjamin Franklin into Phila- delphia. From his savings as a journeyman printer, Greeley, as has already been mentioned, aided hi the publication of what became the first one-cent newspaper in New York, The Morning Post. At the time The Sun was established he was running a job office which made a specialty of the advertising literature of lot- teries, etc. In conjunction with Jonas Winchester he started on March 22, 1834, The New Yorker, in which he published the larger part of his editorial work, both original and selected writ- ings, though he continued to write for The Daily Whig. He was a member of the political company, spoken of in the press as Seward, Weed, and Greeley. This company proceeded, after the political revolution of 1837 to start, under the auspices and by the direction of the Whig Central Committee of the State f New York on March 3, 1838, a campaign paper in Albany called The Jeffersonian. Funds for its establishment were con- tributed by the leading Whig politicians in amounts of ten dol- lars each. The paper, sold at fifty cents a year, was according to Greeley established "on the impulse of the Whig tornado to secure a like result in 1838 so as to give the Whig party a Gov- ernor, Lieutenant-Governor, Senate, Assembly, United States Senator, Congressman, and all the vast executive patronage of the State," then amounting to millions of dollars. For his ser- vices, Greeley received a remuneration of one thousand dollars, but he naturally expected to get some of those offices worth from