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in the future, that there might be no doubt about the election of a United States Senator, the Republicans remapped the sena- torial districts and divided the power of their political oppo- nents by paying no attention to county boundaries. In Essex County the arrangement of the district in relation to the town was most singular and absurd. Russell had opposed such a polit- ical move, and after it had become a law he had taken a map of Essex County and colored the towns according to senatorial dis- tricts. The strange map hung on the walls of his editorial sanc- tum. One day as Stuart gazed at the map he remarked to Rus- sell that the towns as they had been colored resembled some monstrous animal. A few touches of his pencil added a head, wings, and claws. "There," said Stuart, according to the re- port, "that will do for a salamander." Editor Russell looked at the revised map only a minute and then exclaimed, "Salaman- der? Better call it Gerrymander." In describing this incident in his "Reminiscences," Joseph T. Buckingham said: "The word became a proverb, and, for many years, was in popular use among the Federalists as a term of reproach to the Democratic Legislature, which had distinguished itself by this act of polit- ical turpitude. An engraving of the Gerrymander was made, and hawked about the State, which had some effect in annoy- ing the Democratic Party." Republicans had by this time come to be known as Democrats a term first used by the Federal- ists in ridicule.

NECESSITY OF CHANGE IN NAME

When Washington retired to Mount Vernon, The Centinel became a faithful supporter of John Adams and his policies. The term Republican Journal in the second part of the title of the paper was in a certain sense a misnomer. It was later changed to The Massachusetts Federalist. While a great Fed- eral organ, The Centinel reported European news much better than its contemporaries. Russell subscribed to the leading for- eign journals and reprinted in condensed form the more impor- tant items. This practice made the paper a wholesale distribu- tor of news for the country printers of New England. Russell did not hesitate to rebuke the sensational press because it had