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 &quot;The Chapter of which mention has been made, was originated by Dr. Bishop, Bishop of Chalcedon and the first Vicar-Apostolic of England, consecrated in March, 1623. Dr. Bishop had always considered himself to be the Ordinary of England and Scotland, and knowing that an Ordinary was usually aided by the advice of his Canons, he had appointed a few months before his death, December 10, 1624, a Cathedral Dean and Chapter, the latter consisting of nineteen Canons, the Dean being John Culleton, who without the name had for some time exercised the authority of Arch-priest. In the document creating the new Chapter, Dr. Bishop inserted a clause (saving the reverence and obedience due to the Holy See) and declaring his intention to petition it to supply in this act of creation or re-erection, whatever deficiency there might be in his own powers. It does not appear, however, that the Chapter was ever more than indirectly recognized or confirmed by Rome.

&quot;The person selected as successor to Dr. Bishop was Dr. Richard Smith. He, like his predecessor, considering himself the Ordinary of all England and Scotland, continued the Chapter which his predecessor had founded. He afterwards even added to its powers the unusual privilege, that if after his death the See should long remain vacant, then the Chapter should without further ratification elect not only its own Canons, provided the