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534 Ormond and Charles II. 's religion, 90, i Orsini, Cardinal, and Aubigny's car- dinalate, 92 Orsini and his bomb, political result of, in Piedmont, 190 ; and else- where, 194-5 Ortega and Juarez, 161 Ossat, D', Talleyrand's estimate of, 403 Oxford Movement, influence on Lord Houghton, 421 Pace, Richard, Dean of St. Paul's, duped by the Constable de Bourbon, 5, 6 Paladines, Aurelle de, see Aurelle de Paladines Palatinate, the, claimed by Napoleon III. after Koniggratz, 206 Palgrave, 334 Palikao, Count, General Montauban, and the dissolution of the second Empire, 243 ; his orders to MacMahon, 245 ; appointment as chief of defence, 248 Pallain, M., editor of Talleyrand's des- patches, 409 Pallavicini, Cardinal, 92 Palmerston, Lord, Cavour's hopes from, 178 favourable estimate of Dr. J. F. Brighton his foreign policy, 476, and Lord Houghton, liking for, ; and criticism of father of, his negotiations respecting the Spanish marriages, 478 refusal to recognise Maximilian, 157 and Walewski's complaint, 487 Panizzi, critic of Ranke, 357 feud with Lord Houghton, 420 Pantheism, writers on, 368 Panvini, 478 ; on Bessarion, 437 Papacy, adulation of, under Pope Alexander, 440 degeneracy of, in Luther's time, and decline of, before, 434 history of, during the period of the Reformation, 426-41 mediaeval, judgment on, difficult, 439- Voigt on, 357 strength of, under the Borgias, 82-3 Wolsey's intimate alliance with, 3-4 ; his designs on, 4, 20 et seq. Papal aid for Charles II., efforts to secure, 91 authority, suspension of, 1527, risks of, 19 crown, the, Wolsey's designs on, 4, 5 ; as affecting his attitude to the Divorce, 20-23 demand for open acknowledgment of Royal change of faith, 101, 107 jurisdiction, limits sought to restrict, by Charles II., 96, 104 meridian, the, 75, 76 power, the overthrow of, 260 prerogative, see Holy See, preroga- tive of recognition of Charles II. as convert, efforts to secure with safety, 89- i Paris, see also Trochu Congress of, 189 democracy of, 243 siege of, 1870., 226, 255, 260; the one sortie, 265 ; the bombard- ment, 226, 266-7 ; the fall, 268 socialists of, and the Commune, 262 Treaty of, repudiation of, by Russia, 264 Parliamentary government, expensive- ness of, 183 Pasquier, records of Napoleon, 442 Pastor, Ludwig, history of the Papacy, Paul II., Pope, character, estimated by Creighton and Gregorovius, 427, compact of cardinals broken by, Pauli, Dr., 499 history of England by, from Regency to Victoria, 380, 381 on value of English historical work, Pavia, battle of, and its consequences, 6, 10 Peace of 1870, terms of, 251-4, 271 Peel, Sir Robert, his commercial re- forms, Cavour's lesson from, 179 Lord Houghton's opinion of his treatment of himself, 419 ' ' Perdam Babylonis " medal, date of, " Pere Joseph," subtilty of, 403 Persecution, theory and practice of Sir T. Nicol, 30, 64 ; of Wolsey, 62 Perthes collection of European histories, compilers of, 499 Pertz, writer on mediaeval history, 375 Perugia, Caesar Borgia's civil success at, 73 Pesaro, Bishop of, diary, consulted by Creighton, 428