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Rh Baer, inspirer of H. Spencer, 287 Bain, Prof., debt of, to J. Miiller, 287 Balan, P., Monument a t 427 Balbo, first Piedmontese minister, 174, 177, 178 ; and the Austrian War, 186 Barante, 492 Barbarossa, Frederick, 272, 499 Barcelona, Papal Nuncio sent to, to make treaty with Charles V., 53 Barclay, Robert, representative teach- ing of, 489 Barings, the, and the Ashburton treaty, 398 Barras, Paul, records by, of Napoleon, 422 as Talleyrand's patron, 409 Basel, Council of, 71 Baur, F. C., disciples of, 496 importer of Pantheism into history, work of, on the Atonement, 388 Bavaria, and the proposed German federation, 211 ; attitude of, on outbreak of war, 1870., 238 king of, and the erection of the German Empire, 204-5 Bavarian troops, brunt of the war of 1870 borne by, 243-4, 2 57> 267 Baxter, representative teaching of, 489 tolerant influence of, 95 Bazaine, Marshal, and the defence of Metz, 241 ; is given supreme command, 243 ; allows himself to be driven into Metz and besieged, 244-5, 2 5& ' m - portance to the Imperialists, 252, 255 ; intrigues, 259 ; his capitulation, 259 ; its conse- quences, 260 et set/. Beaconsfield, Earl of, see Disraeli, B. Beaulieu, Leroy, on moral indifference in political deduction, 490 Belfort, during war of 1870., 240, 241 ; siege of, 268 Belgium, Franco-Prussian treaty mena- cing, disclosed, 239 independence of, guaranteed, 239 Bellay, Cardinal du, 15, 60 diplomacy of, 403 Bellings, Sir Richard, his mission to Rome, its scope, 92, 95, 97 ; his embassy to Paris (1609), its aim, 116 Benedetti, General, transactions of, with Prussian ministers as to the Hohenzollern candidature, 215 ; his famous audience with the King of Prussia, 222-3, 2 3 x > 234. 235- 486, 487 Benedictine Order, Mabillon's work in the, 460 Benevento, Duchy of, secured to See of Rome, 72 Bentham inspired by Hutcheson, 287 Talleyrand's acceptation of defini- tion of liberalism, 400 Bentinck, Lord George, stricture on, by Dr. J. F. Bright, 479 Bentley, 344 Berckheim, 206 Berlin, birthplace of Giesebrecht, 499 George Eliot at, before Kant's statue, and the war of 1870., 237 Berlin school of historians, 378, 379 contrasted with those of Gottingen, Tubingen, and Heidelberg, 378 preconception of ideas, a defect of, 382-4 Berlin University, organised by Hum- boldt, 370 Bernhardi, Theodor von, 487 ; ablest of German writers on Napoleon, as historian, defect of, 382 qualities of, 381 history of Russia by, 381 memoirs of, suppression of, deduc- tions from, 204, 214 mission to Spain, secrecy concerning, on the judgment of the Russian Staff on Wellington, 381, 382 Bernis, Cardinal de, diplomacy of, 403 Bessarion, Cardinal, unjust account of, Beust, Count von, and Napoleon III., 207, 208 loyalty of, to France's interests, how shown, 225 Beverloo, new type of gun seen at, by Lebrun, 209 Bichat, 332 Bigamy, views of Luther, etc., on, 50; consequent action of the Land- grave of Hesse, ib. ; Henry VIII. seeks a dispensation for (see also Brief), 23, 36 ; Wolsey's enquiry anent, 49, 51 (see also Divorce) Biography of the period of Henry VIII. , mines of, unexplored, 2 Bismarck, Count von, dexterity of, 204-5 incitement by, of the war with Austria, 484 and the Franco-Prussian War, atti-
 * his reward, 214-15