Page:Historical Essays and Studies.djvu/521

 INDEX

conference of, with Napoleon III., 208-9; Lebrun and, 209-12

character of, according to Gregorovius, 66-7; as estimated by Creighton, 434 attitude to, of France, and other countries, 69-70; joint embassy of protest to, from Spain and Portugal, 71 besieged in St. Angelo, 69; his flight, 70 commission of reforming Cardinals appointed by, 72 invalidity of his election, 67-9, 71, 74 policy as sovereign, its effects, 67, 74 et seq. policy— (a) Use of temporal means, 74, 79

(b) Use of spiritual means, 74-9

relations of, with Caesar Borgia, 79 et seq. rising against, and bribery, 438 and Savonarola, 72, 81, 429 successes of, outstripping his designs, 81-2 death of, and its causes discussed, 84; Creighton on, 430-31; Priuli on, 432; Villari on, 430

Charles II. 's offered submission to, 95-7 views of, on religious character of Charles II., 93-4

America, see also Mexico and Mexican Empire}} United States of, adoption of a presidential form of government, 450 after the war, 127 the Civil War (q.v.) in, its place in history, 123