Page:Historic printing types, a lecture read before the Grolier club of New York, January 25, 1885, with additions and new illustrations; by De Vinne, Theodore Low, 1828-1914; Grolier Club.djvu/75

 THE SCOTCH-FACE. 71 THE word printing has acquired a conventional meaning not entirely warranted by its derivation. It means much more than impression. It is commonly understood as a process in which paper and ink are employed in conjunction with impression. Printing and typography are not strictly synony- mous, as might be inferred from the definitions. Typog- raphy, although the most useful, is not the only form of printing. Printing on paper with ink is done by four methods. Each method is, practically, a separate art, distinct from its rivals in its theory, in its process, and its application. These methods are : Steel-plate or Copper-plate printing, in which the subject is printed from an etching or engraving below the surface of a plate of steel or copper. Lithography, in which the subject is printed from a transferred engraving on the surface of a prepared stone. Typography, in which the subject is printed from a combination of movable metal types cast in high relief. Xylography, in which the subject is printed from a design engraved on a block of wood in high relief. The distinct nature of the substances in use for print- ing surfaces by the four methods should be enough to teach us that the methods are entirely different. But the manner in which the letters, designs, or figures of each method are put on the respective printing sur- faces will show the differences more noticeably. The Scotch-face style. From the foundry of George Brace's Son & Co. English No. 19.