Page:Historic highways of America (Volume 16).djvu/138

134 ROADS: In general (continued)— 9, 43–44; steps in evolution of Indian trail into, 11, 21–105; commerce on packhorse, 27–30; westward packhorse, 28–29; early English, 30–31; history of postal service indicates development of American, 38; number of American post (1790), 38; labor of clearing early, 39–43; excessive heat on pioneer, 40; falling trees endangered early, 41–43; width of early, 45; bridle-paths join pioneer, 47; first, to seek lower levels, 48; many-tracked pioneer, 51–53; mud-holes on pioneer, 53–63; crooked streets explained by crooked, 66; corduroy: Harriet Martineau on, 69–70; Thomas Moore on, 70; Weld on, 71; Stevenson on, 71–72; Capt. Basil Hall on, 72–73; history of first macadamized, 74–98; plank: first, in America, 98; in New York, 98; methods of building, 98–99; comparative cost of, 99; loads drawn on, 99–100; Calvin Fletcher describes pioneer, 100–103; Ohio's first turnpike, 104; narrowness of early, 136; instance of crooked being shorter than a straight, 12, 90; early lack in central New York explained, 96; mania for incorporating turnpike companies, 109; macadamized, from Albany to Schenectady, 117; greatly needed in early New York, 147; chartered turnpikes, great need of