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HERRINGSHAW'S LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

Massaohusetts; iu 1777-89 was chief justice and in 1789-1810 was an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States. He died Sept. 13, 1810, in Scituate, Mass. Cushing, William, author, was born

May

1811, in Lunenburg, Mass. He became library assistant in the Harvard library. He was the' author of Index to the North American Review; Index to the Christian Exam15,

Initials and Pseudonyms; and Anonyms. He died Aug. 27, 1895, in Cambridge,

iner;

Mass. Cushing, William Buckingham, naval officer, was born Nov. 4, 1842, in Delafield, Wis. There was not a year during the civil war that he did not distinguish himself by some perilous adventure. For his daring exploit on the night of Oct. 27, 1864, in blowing up the rebel ram Albemarle, at Plymouth, he received a vote of thanks from congress, and a complimentary letter from the secretary of the navy. He was promoted to com-

modore in 1864. He died Dec. 17, 1874, in Washington, D.C. Cushing, William Lee, educator, founder, was born July 24, 1849, in Phipsburg, Maine. In 1872 he graduated from Yale university; and in 1876 received the degree of M.A. from that institution of learning. In 1873he was rector of Hopkin's grammar school; and in 1880 founded and has since been headmaster of the Westminster school at Simsbury, Conn. He has contributed extensively to educational literature. 75

land of the grand army of the republic; and was the first department commander of Massachusetts in that organization. He was the author of La Crise Financiere; and editor of Early History of Massachusetts Grand Army of the Republic. He died Jan. 29, 1907, in East Orange, N.J. actress, was 1816, in Boston, Mass. She was generally admitted to be the greatest of American actresses. Her farewell to the stage was a great ovation; and she received from the noble and venerable poet, Bryant, a laurel crown. She died Feb. 18, 1876, in

Cushman, Charlotte Saunders,

born July

23,

Boston, Mass.

Cushman, Elisha, clergyman, founder, was born May 2, 1788, in Kingston, Mass. He took a prominent part in establishing the Connecticut baptist missionary society in 1814, which was reorganized as the baptist convention in 1822; and in 1822 founded and edited a denominational journal called the Christian Secretary of Hartford, Conn. He died Oct. 26, 1838, in Hartford, Conn.

Cushman, Ernest T., educator, mathemawas born Nov. 17, 1876, in Paris, Maine. He is instructor in mathematics in tician,

the Pennsylvania military college at Chester, Pa. Cushman, Francis W., lawyer, congressman, was born May S, 1867, in Brighton, Iowa. In 1884 he graduated from the Pleasant Plain academy of Iowa. He studied law

and was admitted to

Cushman, AUerton Seward, soldier, educator, chemist, scientist, was born June 2, 1867, in Rome, Italy. In 1888 he graduated with the degree of B.S. from Worcester polytechnic institute; in 1888-90 studied in Freiberg and Heidelberg; in 1896 graduated with the degree of A.M. from Harvard university; and received the degree of Ph.D. from that institution. In 1898 he served from private to captain in the sixth regiment Massachusetts volunteer infantry in the Spanish-American war. In 1901 he was associate professor of chemistry in Bryn Mawr; and since 1902 has been chemist in the road material laboratory in the bureau of chemistry at Washington, D.C. He is a, fellow of the American association for the

advancement

of science;

and a member of

the leading scientific societies. His principal researches have been in extraction of potash from feldspftthic rocks; the use of ground rock as a fertilizer; properties of road materials; and the cause and crevention of the rusting of iron and steel. He is the author of various scientific Monographs, papers

and bulletins. Cushman, Austin Sprague, soldier, lawyer, author, was born Sept. 9, 1827, in Duxbury, Mass. In 1852 he was private secretary to President Fillmore. During the civil war he attained the rank of major. In 1867 he was United States registrar in bankruptcy. He was the first post commander in New Eng-

the bar; and for a while he practiced his profession in Nebraska. In 1891 he moved to the state of Washington; and has ever since that time resided in Tacoma, enprincipally in the practice of law.

gaged

In 1899-1911 he was a representative at large from the state of Washington to the fifty-seventh, fiftyeighth,

fifty-ninth,

sixtieth

and

sixty-first

He has served on numerous important committees; and is the author of several important bills for the betterment of the state of Washington. congresses as a republican.

Cushman, Henry Wiles, legislator, bank was born Aug. 9, 1805, in Bemardston, Mass. In 1837 he was a mempresident, author,

ber of the Massachusets house of representatives; and in 1851-52 was lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts. For many years he was president of the Franklin county agricultural society. He was the author of An Historical Sketch of Bernardston; and other works. He died Nov. 21, 1863, in Bernardston, Mass.

Cushman, Herbert Ernest, educator, auwas born Oct. 24, 1865, in Auburn, Maine. He is now a professor of philosophy thor,