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 HKRRINGSHAWS LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. man; and interested

He

tation.

in motoring resides chieily in New

and

aeros-

York City

and London, England. Cratty, Robert Irvin, farmer, educator, botanist, was born Feb. 5. 1853, in Pennsylvania. In 1859-72 he

was educated in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Illinois. In 1875-95 he was a teacher in the public schools of Illinois and

Iowa, lie

made an

lias

extensive collection ot

Iowa

and

Minnesota

plants; and has a herbarium of six thous-

and species. He has written extensively on The Flora of Iowa. He is a fellow of the

Iowa academy of sciences and of the American association vancement of science.

is

a,

for

member the

ad-

Cravath, Erastus Milo, clergyman, educawas born July 1, 1833, in Homer, N.Y. He was pastor of the congregational church of Berlin Heights, Ohio; and served as chaplain of the one hundred and first regiment Ohio volunteer infantry during the civil war. He has been the

tor, college president,

district agent, secretary and general field secretary of the field

American association

missionary of

New

York; and he became president of the Fisk university of Nashville, Tenn. Died Sept. 4, 1900, in Nashville, Tenn. Cravath, Paul Drennan, lawyer, statesman, was born July 14, 1861, in Berlin HeightB, Ohio. In 1887 he began the practice of law in New York City. He has been prominently identified with the electrical industry. In

1896 he was a delegate to the republican state convention.

Craven, Alfred Wingate, civil engineer, was born Oct. 30, 1810, in Washington. D.C. He was a, successful railroad engineer and manager; and rapidly rose to the first rank in his profession. In 1849-68 he was engineer commissioner to the Croton water board of

New York

City. He was one of the original of the American society of civil engineers, a director for many years, and its president in 1869-71. He died March 29, 1879, in England. Craven, Braxton, college president, author, was born Aug. 26, 1822, in Deep River, N.C. He was first and third president of Trinity college. He was the author of Bullion's English Grammar; An Historical Sketch of Trinity College; and one or two sermons and novelettes. He died Nov. 7, 1882, in Trinity

members

college.

10

14S

Craven, Charles, colonial governor. He was secretary of the proprietors of South Carolina; and was governor of the colony in 1712-16. He died in 1754. Craven, Charles Henderson, naval officer, was born Nov. 30, 1843, in Portland, Maine. In 1874 he became executive officer of the Kearsarge; then of the Pacific squadron; and later of the Monocacy as lieutenantcommander. He died March 1, 1898, in Washington, D.C. Craven, Henry Smith, civil engineer, inventor, was born Oct. 14, 1845, in Bound Brook, N. J. He had charge of the construction of the new Croton aqueduct in New York City up to 1886. He is the inventor of an automatic trip for mining buckets; and of a tunneling machine. Craven, John Joseph, surgeon, inventor, was born in 1823 in New York City. He waa brevetted lieutenant-colonel; and became medical director of the department of Virginia and North Carolina. He was retired from the service soon after the war; and wrote a work on the prison life of Jefferson Davis. He was the inventor of a successful submarine cable for telegraphic purposes; and during the celebration of Cyrus W. Field's success the name of Craven was associated with that of Field on the transparencies carried through the streets of New York City. He invented the first gutta-percha covering for the purpose of insulating wires. He died Feb. 14, 1893, in Patchogue, N.Y. Craven, Thomas Tingey, naval officer, was born Dec. 30, 1808, in Washington, D.C. In 1866 he became rear admiral in the United States navy; and in 1868 assumed command of the Pacific squadron. He died Aug. 23, 1887, in Boston, Mass. Craven, Tunis Augustus Macdonough, naval officer, was born Jan. 11, 1813, in Portsmouth, N.H. He attained the rank of rear-admiral in the United States navy. He died Aug. 5, 1864, in Mobile, Ala. Cravens, James A., soldier, agriculturist, congressman, was born Nov. 4, 1818, in Rockingham county, Va. In 1848-49 he was a memljcr of the legislature of Indiana; in 1850 elected to the state senate, serving three years; and in 1854 was commissioned a brigadier-general of militia. In 1861-65 he was a representative from Indiana to the thirty-seventh and thirty-eighth congresses. Cravens, James H., soldier, congressman, was born in 1798 in Rockingham county, Va. In 1841-43 he was a representative from Indiana to the twenty-seventh congress; and was subsequently a candidate of the freesoil party for the office of governor. He served as colonel of an Indiana regiment during the civil war. He died in Indiana. Cravens, Jordan E., soldier, lawyer, state senator, congressman, was bom Nov. 7, 1830, in Fredericktown, Mo. He was a representative in the state legislature in 1860; and served in the confederate army throughout the civil war, rising to the rank of col-