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the Carolina state legislature. In 1905-08 he was a member of the South Carolina state senate.

Bixby, Ammi Leander, editor, journalist, author, poet, was born April 21, 1856, in Potsdam, N.Y. He has been editor of the Journal of Fullerton, Neb.; and in 1893 became a member of the editorial staff of the Nebraska State Journal of Lincoln, Neb. He is the author of Driftwood; and Memor-

Other Poems. Bixby, James Thompson, clergyman, author, was born July 30, 1843, in Barre, Mass. He graduated from Harvard university in 1864 and received the degrees of A.M. and rh.D.; and in 1865 studied in the university of Leipsic. Since 1870 he has filled important pastorates in the unitarian church in Massachusetts, Maine, Pennsylvania and ies of

New

York;

and



33, 1876, in

New York

City.

Bixby, Moses Homan, clergyman, missionary, was born Aug. 20, 1827, in Warren, N. H. He first served four years as a pastor in Vermont; then for twelve years was a missionary in Burmah, India; and for forty years was a pastor in the baptist church at Providence, R.I. He died about 1907 in Providence, R.I. Bixby, Samuel M., manufacturer, was bom May 37, 1833, in Haverhill, N.H. He has his name famous as manufacturer of shoe blacking; his business grew to such gigantic proportions; now occupies the whole of an imposing structure; and extends to every quarter of the habitable globe. Bixby, William Herbert, civil, mechanical, and military engineer was born Dec. 27, 1849, in Charlestown, Mass. He was educated at the Massachusetts institute of technology; attended the United States military academy, the French national school of bridges and highways and the United States engineer school of application. Since 1873 he has served in all grades in the United States engineers corps from lieutenant in 1873 to lieutenant-colonel in 1904. In 187981 he was engaged in special military duties in Europe; and in 1873-1903 was engag-

made

Bixby, William Keeney, manufacturer, fiwas born Jan. 2, 1857, in Adrian, Mich. In 1889 he became president of the nancier,

American car and foundry company of St. Louis, Mo. He is a director of the State savings bank of Detroit, Mich. Bjerregaard, Carl Henry Andrew, librarian, lecturer, author, was born May 24, 1845, in Denmark. Since 1879 he has been librarian of the Astor library of New York City. He has lectured in the principal cities of the United States. He is the author of Mysti-

cism and Nature Wortwo volumes; and Being and the Philosophical History ship, in

of the Subject; History and Doctrine of Mysticism, in sixteen

in

1879-83 was professor of religious philosophy in the Meadville theological school of Pennsylvania. In 1876-83 he was lecturer on the philosophy of religion in the Lowell institute at Boston, Mass. He is the author of Religion and Science in Allies; The Crisis in Morals; Similarities of Physical and Religious Knowledge; The Ethics of Evolution and The New World and the New Thought. Bixby, John Munson, lawyer, author, was born in February, 1800, in Fairfield, Conn. He was the author of Standish the Puritan; and Overing, or the Heir of Wycherly. He died

Nov.

ed in numerous duties and special work on bridges, river, harbor, lighthouse and fortifications.

volumes; also a

colla-

borator on the Standard Dictionary; The Jewish Encyclopaedia, International Encyclo-

and Encj'clopaedia Americana. Black, Alexander, journalist, author, was born Feb. 7, 1859, in New York. He is literary editor of the Brooklyn Times. He is the author of The Story of Ohio; Photography Indoors and Out; Miss Jerry, a Picture Play; A Capital Courtship ; and Miss paedia

America. Black, Charles Clark, lawyer, jurist, authwas born July 29, 1858, in Mount Holly, N.J. Since 1881 he has practiced law in Jersey City; and in 1891-1907 was a member of the state board of taxation. In 1907 he was appointed circuit judge of New Jersey. He is the author of Proof and Pleadings in Accident Cases; New Jersey Law of Taxation; and Black's Law and Practice in Accidental Cases. Black, Chauncey Forward, lawyer, lieutenant-governor, was bom Nov. 28, 1839, in Somerset, Pa. He was elected lieutenantgovernor of Pennsylvania in 1882; and in 1886 was the democratic candidate for the governorship. He was a successful lawyer of York, Pa. He died in 1904 in York, Pa. Black, Ebenezer Charlton, educator, lecturer, author, was born June 18, 1861, in Scotland. He received a thorough education in the universities of Europe and America. In 1891-93 he was lecturer on English literature at Harvard university; in 1893-1900 he was principal of the language and literature department at the New England conservatory of music; and since 1900 has been professor of English literature at Boston university. He is the author of Early Songs and Lyrics. Black, Edward J., lawyer, congressman, was born in 1806 in Beaufort, S.C. He served several years in the Georgia state legislature. In 1839-45 he was a representative or,

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