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 HERRINGSHAWS LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

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he invented a process for purifying alcohol,

which

known

as Atwood's alcohol. He also invented coup oil, now extensively used as a lubricant. He and his brother William were pioneers in the manufacture of coal oil and petroleum in the United States. He died Nov. 5, 1868, in Cape Elizabeth, Me. Atwood, Louis Kossuth, farmer, educator, lawyer, merchant, legislator, banker, was born Dec. 15, 1851, in Wilcox county, Ala. He was educated at the Lincoln university is

still

Pennsylvania. He has been a successful far-

mer and school teacher, lawyer and merchant of Jackson, Miss.; and prominently identified with the business and public

affairs

of

his

community. He is president of the American trust and savings

bank of Jackson, Miss. the president of the Southern bank of Mississippi; and a director in various corporations. He served two terms as a representative in the Mississippi state legislature; was master in the insurance order of Jacobs and has held various other positions of trust and honor. Atwood, William, chemist, inventor, was born Nov. 6, 1830, in Bristol, N.H. In 1866 he founded the Atwood lead company of Portland, Maine. Among his inventions are a rotary pump, the Atwood condenser, and a revolving retort. He died Feb. 17, 1884, in Portland, Maine. Auchincloss, Hugh D., merchant, manufacturer, millionaire. His father was the oldest is

dry goods merchant in New York City. Auchincloss, John W., merchant, millionaire. His father was a noted dry goods merchant and manufacturer of thread in New

York

City.

Auchincloss, William Stuart, civil engineer, manufacturer, merchant, inventor, author, was born March 19, 1842, in New York City. In 1862 he grawith the degree of C.E. from the Rensselaer polytechnic institute. In 186369 he was engaged in railway construction and with the Jersey City locomotive works. In 1867 he was United States commissioner to the Paris exposition. In 1871-79 he was a manufacturer of rolling stock and a ship builder, and in 1879-95 was a commission merchant. He invented the averaging instrument for rapid calculation of accounts. He is the author of Link and Valve Motions; Ninety Days in the Tropics; and The Book of Daniel Unlocked.

mduated

Auchmuchy, Samuel, clergyman, theologiwas born Jan. 16, 1722, in Boston, Mass. In 1763 he became assistant minister of Trinity church in New York City. He died March 6, 1777, in New York City. Auchmuty, Richard Tylden, soldier, architect, founder, was born July 15, 1831, in New York City. He founded the New York trade school; and introduced a new system an,

of trade instruction. in Lenox, Mass.

He

died July 18, 1893,

Auchmuty, Robert, lawyer, jurist, wasborn about 1680 in Scotland. In 1699 he settled in Boston, Mass.; and in 1715 began the practice of law in that city. In 1730 he was made judge of the admiralty court. He died in 1750 in Boston, Mass. Auchy, George, chemist, scientist, wa& born April 33, 1862, in Pottstown, Pa. In 1882-86 he was chemist to the Durham iron works; in 1894-97 was chemist to the Nashua iron and steel company; and since 1897 has been chemist to the Keystone saw works of Pennsylvania. He has made original researches on the methods of chemical analysis

of iron

and

steel.

Audeniied, Charles Young, lawyer, jurist, was born Dec. 9, 1863, in Philadelphia, Pa. In 1886 he began the practice of law; and in 1887-96 was secretary and treasurer of the Macungie iron company. In 1891-94 he was a member of the Philadelphia common council; and in 1894-96 was a member in the select council. Since 1896 he has been judge of the court of common pleas of Philadelphia, Pa. Audenried, Joseph Crain, soldier, was born Nov. 6, 1839, in Pottsville, Pa. He served through the civil war; was brevetted captain in 1866; in 1866 became lieutenant-colonel;

and was made colonel in 1869. He remained on General Sherman's staff until his death. He died June 3, 1880, in Washington, D.C. Audsley, George Ashdown, architect, author, was born Sept. 6, 1838, in Scotland. He is a Scottish architect and art writer of note of New York City. With his brother, William James Audsley, he has published Color a Manual for Ladies; Floral Decoration of Churches; Cottage, Lodge and Village Architecture; Outlines of Ornament in the Leading Styles; Popular Dictionary of Architecture and the Allied Arts, in ten volumes; Polychromatic Decoration as Applied to Buildings in the Mediaeval Styles; and, in Dress,

with James Lord Bowes, The Kerainic Art of Japan. His separate works include Guide to the Art of Illuminating and Missal Painting; Handbook of Christian Symbolism; The Art of Chromo-Lithography; Notes on Japanese Art; The Ornamental Arts of Japan; and The Practical Decorator. Audubon, John James, naturalist, author, was born May 4, 1780, near New Orleans, La. His admirable work, The Birds of America, now in the Astor library, sold for one thousand dollars a copy; and was pronounced by Cuvier to be the most magnificent monutn-