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 HERRINGSHAWS LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. Arrowsmith, public

official,

Eusebius

Walling,

lawyer,

Oct. 3, 1869, in New a successful lawyer of Freemakes a specialty of crimi-

was born

City. He is hold, N.J.; and nal law. lie is deputy county clerk, and takes an active part in democratic politics.

York

Arthur, Alfred, musician, founder, comwas born Oct. 8, 1814, in Pittsburg, Pa. In 1868 he graduated from the Boston

poser,

music school; and was a student ot the Boston conservatory of music. While in Boston he sang tenor in the choir of the church of the advent. Since 1871 he has taught and directed musical societies in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1873 he founded the Cleveland vocal society; in 1878 he founded the Bach choir of Woodland presbyterian church; and is now director of the Cleveland school of music. He is the composer of operas and songs. He is the author of Progressive Vocal Studies Seventy-nine Studies for Alto or Bass; Seventy Lessons in Voice Training; and Exercises in Vocal Technique.

Arthur, Chester Allan, twenty first president of the United States, was born Oct. 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vt. In 1848 he graduated

from Union college

of

Schenectady, N.Y. He taught school and was principal of the Pownal academy of Vermont. He studied law

and was admitted to the bar; and was married to Miss Herndon.

He was

a delegate to the Saratoga convention when the republican party of New York was formed. He was judge-advocate of the second brigade of state militia before the civil war. In 1860 Governor Edwin D. Morgan appointed him engineer-in chief on his staff and afterwards inspectorgeneral and quarter-master-general, holding the latter office until the close of 1863. He practiced law in New York City until Nov. 20, 1871, when he was appointed collector of customs at that port, and reappointed in 1875. In 1877 he was chairman of the repub-

New York City, issued his order forbidding officers in the civil service from acting as political managers. Mr. Arthur neglected to comply with this order and was removed by the President in July, 1878. He was a delegate to the Chicago convention in 1880, and a strong supporter of General Grant. He was nominated for vice-president lican central

committee of

when President Hayes

on the first-ballot, which stooi}: For Chester A. Arthur, 468 ;B. B. Washburne, Illinois,

157

193; Marshall Jewell, Connecticut, 44; Horace Maynard, Tennessee, 30; B. K. Bruce, Mississippi, 8; J. L. Alcorn, Mississippi, 4; E. J. Davis, Texas, 3; Thomas Settle, North Carolina, 1; Stewart L. Woodford, New York, 1. Being elected, he took the oath of office and became vice-president March 4, 1881. On being notified by the cabinet of the death of President Garfield, he took the oath of office as president at his own house in New York City on Sept. 30, 1881, at two o'clock in the morning. On reaching Washington, Sept. 23, he again took the oath of office before Chief Justice Waite. The republican national convention met at Chicago, June 3, 1884. Those receiving the highest number of votes on the first ballot were James G. Blaine, 334%, and Chester A. Arthur, 378. On the fourth ballot Mr. Blaine

was nominated. General Arthur the presidency March 4, 1885. 18, 1886, in New York City.

retired from died Nov.

He

Arthur, Christopher, soldier, physician, banker,

was born

Sept. 16, 1833, in Highland

county, Ohio. In 1862 he raised a company for the seventy-fifth regiment Indiana volunteers, of which he was chosen captain. A few days later he was appointed surgeon of the regiment, which was assigned to the fourteenth army corps. With this command he served through the entire Atlanta campaign. At the battle of Chickamauga he was taken prisoner and sent first to Atlanta and finally to Libby prison. He has identified himself with the public schools of Camden, where he lived for some years; and is now president and a stockholder of the Citizens' bank. He has a very large and interesting cellection of archaeological specimens.

Arthur Jesse, lawyer,

jurist,

was born Jan.

From 1863 he served in the confederate army through the civil war. He was made prisoner in front of Biohmond in 1864; 14, 1846, in

Kershaw county,

S.C.

and was released in March of the following year. In 1889 moved to Washington territory; and in 1892-97 he served as superior court judge of the state of Washington for Spokane county. He established a free scholarship to the American medical missionary college of Battle Creek, Mich., of which institution he prepared the charter and the entire plant upon which it is now being operated. He now practices law in Battle Creek, Mich. Arthur, Joseph Charles, botanist, author,

was born Jan. 11, 1850, in Lowville, N.Y. In 1884-87 he was botanist to the agricultural experiment station at Geneva, N.Y.; since 1887 has been professor of vegetable physiology and pathology in Purdue university;