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 HERRINGSHAWS LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.

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This resulted in an almost perfect machine for spinning cotton, which after eighty years of use has not been improved in any way. During the last fifteen years of his life he was a solicitor of patents in Washington, D.C. He died about 1855 in Washmotion.

ington, D.C.

Arnold, Mrs. Augusta Foote, author, was born Oct. 24, 1844, in Seneca Falls, N.Y. In 1890-1900 she was trustee of Barnard college; and was a director in the Nursery and child's hospital of New York City. She was the author of The Sea Beach at Ebb Tide; and of The Century Cook Book. She died May 6, 1904, in New York City. Arnold, Benedict, colonial governor, was bom Dec. 21, 1615, in England. He lived for in Providence; and in 1637 was one of thirteen who signed a compact agreeing to subject themselves to any agreement made by a majority of the masters of families. In 1645 his knowledge of the native tongues gained him the office of messenger to negotiate with the Indians. In 1657 he was one of the purchasers of the island of Conanicut. In 1657, Rogers Williams having retired from the presidency of the colony, Arnold was elected to the office, and he was again assistant in 1660. In 1662 he was again elected president; and under the royal charter given in 1663 he was the first governor of the colony. To this office he was re-elected in 1664, 1669, 1677 and 1678. He was instrumental in bringing about the reconciliation and union of the two colonies of Rhode Island and Providence plantations. He died June 20, 1678, in Rhode Island. Arnold, Benedict, soldier, was born Jan. 14, 1741, in Norwich, Conn. He fought nobly for freedom until 1778; and was one of the three commanders of Quebec in 1775. In 1778 he joined the British army. He went to England after the war. He died June 14, 1801, in Lon-

some time

don, England. Arnold, Benedict,

congressman, soldier, York. In 1816-17 he was a member of the state assembly of New York from Amsterdam. In 1829-31 he was a representative from New York to the twenty-

was born

first

in

New

congress.

Arnold, Bion Joseph, electrical engineer, was born Aug. 14, 1861, in Casnovia, Mich. He was educated at the Nebraska public schools in 187279 attended the univinventor,



ersity of

Nebraska

in

1879-80; and graduated from Hillsdale college with the degree of B.S. inl884; receiving the degree of M.S. in 1887 and the honorary degree of M.Ph. in 1889 In 1888-89 he took a postgraduate course at Cornell university; in 1897 received the degree of E.E. from the university of Nebraska; in 1903 received an honorary diploma

from Hillsdale college; and in 1907 received the honorary degree of Dr.Sc. from Armour institute of Chicago, 111. He was the chief designer of the Iowa iron works at Dubuque; was mechanical engineer of the Chicago great western railway; later became consulting engineer in the Chicago office of the general electric company; and since 1893 has been an independent consulting engineer. He was the designer and builder of the intramural railway at the world's Columbian exposition; consulting electrical engineer to the Chicago and Milwaukee electric railway and Chicago board of trade ; Grand trunk railway on electrification of St. Clair tunnel since 1905; consulting engineer to the Wisconsin state railway commission in 1903-07, and devised the plan for electrically operating

trains of the New York Central and Hudson river railroad company in and out of New York, and a member of the electric traction

commission in carrying out the work. 1900-04 he was a

In

member

of the electric traction commission of the Erie railroad; in 1903 was consulting engineer for the city of Chicago to devise the street railway system; chief engineer of the work and chairman of the board of supervising engineers, having charge of the rehabilitation of the entire street railway system of Chicago in 1907-08. He is president of the Arnold company, engineers and constructors. He is the inventor of a magnetic clutch, storage battery impmovements and pioneer in the development of the rotary converter sub-station and single phase systems of electric railways. He is consulting engineer of the public service commission for the state of New York on the transportation problems in New York and vicinity. In 1903-04 he was president of the American institute of electrical engineers; and in 1904 was vice-president and chairman of the executive committee of the international electrical congress, at St. Louis, Mo. In 1906-07 he was president of the Western society of engineers.

Arnold, Charles Loudon, clergyman, founder,

was born

Oct. 14, 1854, in Louisville,

Ky.

He graduated from Hobart college of Geneva, N.Y. He has been rector of St. Paul's church of Wilmington, N.C.; and is now rector of St. Peter's church of Detroit, Mich. He is the founder of the Arnold homes for the aged and hospital for incurables. He is a member of the American historical association and president of the visiting nurse association of Detroit, Mich. He is the author of Cosmos, the Soul and God, a monistic interpretation of the facts of science.

Arnold, Charles William, educator, clergy21, 1829, in Rutland, England. He received a thorough education, and in 1854 was wrangler and prizeman of Trinity college of Cambridge, Mass. He has been headmaster of noted grammar schools, colleges and naval schools. He is now an eminent divine of Florida; and since 1890 has been rector of St. Mary's at Daytona, Fla.

man, was born April