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 HERRINGSHAWS LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. Howard Bell, educator, chemist, was born Oct. 5, 1870, in LewisW.Va. He was educated at the Hamp-

Aibuckle, scientist,

burg,

den-Sydney college of Virginia, from which institution he received the degrees of A.B. and A.M.; and in 1898 he received the degree of Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins university at Baltimore, Md. Since 1898 he has been in the department of chemistry and biology at the Agnes Scott college of Decatur, Ga. He has made original researches on atomic weight of zinc and cadmium.

Arbuckle, John, importer and manufacturwas born about 1835 in Allegheny City, Pa. He spent his early life in Allegheny, Pa. In 1871 he engaged with his brother Charles in the preparation of roasted and ground coffee, their factory being located in Brooklyn; and he is now head of the firm of Arbuckle Brothers. He is also a director in the Importers' and traders' bank; and is president of the Royal horse association, a syndicate owning ranches in Wyoming. Arbuckle, John Chalmers, soldier, educator, clergyman, was born July 37, 1847, in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1864 he enlisted in the fourth regiment Iowa veteran volunteer infantry; and served as a private soldier till the close of the civil war. He then taught er,

school for a years; and

number in

of

1874

graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan university of Delaware. For over a quarter of a century he has been a clergyman of the methodist episcopal church, his principal pastorates being in Columbus and Zanesville, Ohio. For

four years he was presiding elder on the Gallipolis district; and for six years presiding elder of the Columbus district. He has thrice been a member of the general conference of the methodist episcopal church; and for six years served as a member of the general missionary board. He is now district superintendent of the Lancaster district of the Ohio annual conference.

Arbuckle, Matthew, comet-player, bandmaster, was born about 1828. He was the author of Arbuckle's Complete Comet Method.

He

died

May

23, 1883, in

New York

City.

Arbuckle, Matthew, soldier, was born in 1776 in Greenbrier county, Va. He became a captain in 1806; and was brevetted brigadier-general in 1830. In 1817 he was successful in an expedition against the Fowltoun Indians; and in 1846-47 served in the Mexican war. He died June 11, 1851, in Fort Smith, Ark. Area, Francisco, pioneer, was born in 1832 in Lower California. His name is known from his connection with a party of men who in 1846 were bringing horses, generally suppos-

143

ed to belong to the C'alifornian government, from Sonoma to the south. Captain John C. Fremont, then in command of an American surveying party in the territory, incited American settlers to assail the party, seize upon the horses, and begin hostilities against the Californian government. From this Arceaffair dates the beginning of the Bear Flag revolt and of the seizure of California by the Americans. He died in 1878 in Alta, Cal.

Archbald, Robert Wodrow, lawyer, jurist, Sept. 10, 1848, in Carbondale, Pa. In 1884-88 he was additional law judge of the forty-fifth judicial district of Pennsylvania; and since 1901 has been United States district judge for the middle district of Pennsylvania. Archbold, George, chemist, was born May 4, 1848, in Scotland. He came to the United States in 1881; and has since devoted his attention principally to the manufacture of starch, in which he has made important

was born

investigations.

Archbold, John Dustin, oil refiner, was born July 26, 1848 in Leesburg, Ohio. He has long been the chief proprietor and president of the Acme oil company. Since 1875 he has been identified with the Standard oil company and a director since its organization; and is now vice-president of the Standard oil company of New York. Archdale, John, colonial governor, was

bom

about 1640 in England. In 1664 he arrived in Maine; and was a colonel in the Maine militia. In 1685-96 he was colonial governor of South Carolina. He died about 1708; and a town perpetuates his name in Randolph county, S.C. Archer, Branch T., Texan revolutionist, was born in 1790 in Virginia. He was for many years a physician and politician of Virginia and was a member of the state legislature several times. In 1831 he removed to Texas and became a prominent actor in the movements preliminary to the revolution. In 1835 he presided over the famous consultation held by the American settlers and with Colonel Stephen Austin and N. H. Wharton formed a board of three commissioners to solicit aid from the United States in the struggle for Texan independence. He was a member of the first Texan congress in 1836; became speaker of the house of representatives; and was secretary of war in 1839-42. He died Sept. 22, 1856, in Texas.



Archer, Frederic, musician, organist, auwas born in 1838 in England. In 18951901 he was music director of Carnegie music hall. In 1896 he founded the Pittsburg symphony orchestra. He was the author of Organ School. He died in 1901 in Pittsburg, Pa. Archer, James J., soldier, was born in Maryland. In 1847 he was brevetted major for gallant conduct in the Mexican war at the battle of Chapultepec. He resigned from the United States army in 1861; and in 1861-64 thor,