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154 ical causes necessarily isolated and reflective; a character which, naturally rarely sympathetic and womanly, from these same causes has been made almost masculine in its intellectual scope and pursuits.

Harriet Martineau was born in 1802, one of the youngest of the eight children of a Norwich (England) silk manufacturer. Her brother, the Rev. James Martineau, whose name has attained a celebrity nearly equal to her own, is the nearest to her in age. The silk manufactory of which her father was proprietor was established in Norwich soon after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV, which drove the Martineaus, with thousands of their fellow Huguenots, from France to England. The same stern, unyielding love of truth, the same strict integrity of conscience, which caused her progenitors to give up home, friends, and wealth, and led them to try their fate in a foreign and uncongenial land, appears again in a somewhat different form in this brave, conscientious woman, their de-