Page:Hand-book of Volapük (Sprauge, 1888).djvu/18

8 Prepositions regularly govern the kimfal. Thus, we express "near me" by „nil&uuml; ob,“ not „nil&uuml; obi“ nor „nil&uuml; obe;“ "out of the house," „se dom,“ not „se doma“ nor „se domi.“

Occasionally, the kimifal will be found after a preposition instead of i at the end of the preposition itself, as will be explained hereafter.

A word used elliptically, like "good-morning," "thanks," "my compliments," is usually in the kimifal, a verb being understood as, [I wish you] good-morning, [I return] thanks, [I present] my compliments.

Directions for translating into Volap&uuml;k: 1. A word in the nominativ is put in the kimfal. If the nominativ is independent put <B>o</B> before the kimfal.<BR> 2. The possessiv is rendered by the kimafal.<BR> 3. A word preceded by "of" is generally put in the kimafal.<BR> 4. A word (other than a verb in the infinitiv) preceded by "to" is generally put in the kimefal, but not if "to" signifies motion. "I say to you," <B>„sagob olse“;</B> "I go to you," <B>„golob al olsi,“</B> or <B>„ols.“</B><BR> 5. A word preceded by any other preposition is usually in the kimfal.<BR> 6. A word in the objectiv governed by a verb is put in the kimifal.</UL> The adjectiv has ordinarily no case-ending ; but occasionally it takes the case-endings of the noun which it qualifies. This is only done when the adjectiv, being out of its regular place, might be supposed to qualify some other word. Thus, <B>d&ouml;nan</B>, meaning servant ; <B>blod</B>, brother, and <B>fiedik</B>, faithful.

<B>D&uuml;nane fiedik bloda</B>; or, <BR><B>fiedike d&uuml;nane bloda</B>; or, <BR><B>d&uuml;nane bloda fiedike</B>; to the faithful servant of the brother.

<B>D&uuml;nane bloda fiedik</B>; or, <BR><B>d&uuml;nane fiedika bloda</B>; to the servant of the faithful brother.

But it is better to leave the adjectiv in its usual place, which is after the noun.