Page:Gummere (1909) The Oldest English Epic.djvu/221

 So far as the characters of the Beowulf are concerned, a brief statement of their functions and mutual relations has been made in the Introduction to that poem. For further study of this matter, and of kindred subjects, the reader may be referred to the following books and essays. Müllenhoff, Beovulf, Berlin, 1889 (previously published papers collected in one volume); ten Brink, Beowulf, Strassburg, 1888; and H. Möller, Das Beowulfepos, Kiel, 1883, are full of valuable suggestions, although their main purpose is to prove theories now for the most part set aside. Equally important are the various essays of Sophus Bugge, particularly his Studien über das Beowulfepos in Vol. XII of Paul and Braune’s Beiträge, and of E. Sievers, particularly Beowulf und Saxo in the Reports of the Saxon Academy of Sciences, Vol. XLVII. Two articles by F. Klaeber in Vol. Ill of Modern Philology may be named as important for more than one phase of Beowulf criticism. Other essays and books, many of them highly significant in their day, but now absorbed into the main body of information about the epic,—such as Grein’s paper on its historic relations, in Vol. IV of Ebert’s Jahrbuch,—will be found in the excellent bibliography prefixed to Vol. II of Holthausen’s edition of Beowulf, Heidelberg and New York, 1905, 1906. The text, notes, and glossary of this edition are admirable. A good English edition is that of Wyatt, Cambridge, 1898. The notes to J. R. Clark Hall’s prose translation, London, 1901, and to Gering’s metrical translation in German, Heidelberg, 1906, have been noted above as valuable for their general information. References to material for study of the other poems, such as W. W. Lawrence’s article on Widsith, will be found in the several Introductions above. On the general question of epic structure in the Beowulf, readers are referred to W. M. Hart’s Ballad and Epic in the Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature, Boston, 1907.

It will be remarked that some of the names in Widsith are omitted from this index. Only those are given which are mentioned in the other poems, or belong to the common Germanic legend.

Abel, B. 108. Ælfhere, B. 2604. Ælfhere, Wa. A, 11; B, 19. Æschere, B. 1323, 1329, 1420, 2122. Attila, Wa. A, 6; Wi. 18.

Beanstan, B. 524. Becca, Wi. 115. Beowulf (Dane), B. 18, 53. Beowulf (Geat), 343, 364, 405, 457, 501, 506, 529, 609, 623, 631, 653, 676, 795, 818, 856, 872, 946, 957, 1020, 1024, 1043, 1051, 1191, 1216, 1299, 1310, 1383, 1441, 1473, 1651, 1704, 1758, 1817, 1854, 1880, 1971, 1987, 1999, 2194, 2207, 2324, 2359, 2389, 2425, 2510, 2663, 2681, 2724, 2807, 2842, 2907, 3066. Rh