Page:Greek Buildings Represented by Fragments in the British Museum (1908).djvu/50

 34 DIANA'S TEMPLE AT EPHESUS. agrees much better with the architectural facts. The Mausoleum, which was begun about 353 (+ or — ), seems to be consider- ably later in its style. At Priene, which it is held was begun about 345 and finished about 334, the order is copied even to the gutter, so that the whole height of the immense mass of Ephesus was finished before Priene. The carving of the gutter at the latter is poor, and seems much later than its fine prototype. According to Vitruvius the temple was begun by Chersi- phron of Cnossus and his son Metagenes, and was completed by Demetrius, a servant of Diana {Diance Servus), and Paeonius, the Ephesian, who, he says, also built the Miletus temple in associa- tion with Daphnis. It is generally agreed that Chersiphron must have been a master at the erection of the early temple. Vitruvius speaks of him as contriving machinery for bringing the columns to the site, and of his writing a book, with his son Metagenes, on the order of the temple. Pliny tells a story of his setting the great epistyle.. This last certainly could not have been reached in one generation, and it is much more prob- able that the temple was planned by the master who advised as to the foundations. It is somewhat astonishing to find that the archaic temple was so advanced in style, and so immense in scale. We have seen that Herodotus mentions it along with the temple of Hera in Samos, and the remains of the latter, which have been measured, show that, while in many respects it was similar, it was even larger by a few feet. Indeed, Herodotus himself says in another place : " The Samians have three works the greatest of all that have been wrought by the Greeks. The first the aqueduct, the second the harbour, the third a temple, the largest ever seen, and its architect was Rhoecus, son of Phileus, a native." Dr Murray has remarked that the resemblance between the early Ephesus capitals and those of the Hera temple is " par- ticularly striking and interesting," because of a recorded con- nection between the artists who worked at both — RhcECUS, the architect of the Samian temple, and the Theodorus who is associated with him by ancient writers. According to Collignon, Rhcecus began the Hera temple about 600. Theodorus, who appears to have been younger and