Page:Greek Buildings Represented by Fragments in the British Museum (1908).djvu/14

 2 DIANA'S TEMPLE AT EPHESUS. to accept the idea that there is some opposition in these, but this is not necessarily the case, although, of course, there is diversity. In a large degree all architecture is one, in that it is the work of men shaping materials according to their powers and desires ; Greek and Gothic architecture resemble one another in both being what I may call primary styles ; while Roman art in much, and Renaissance art still more, were consciously derived, and are secondary. The Discovery. Before the discovery by Mr Wood of the long-buried site, the Temple of Diana was chiefly known by its reputation as one of the Seven Wonders of the world, and from a few short notices b)- ancient writers. According to Vitruvius, it was Ionic, dipteral, octastyle, and had a cedar ceiling. Pliny says that it was of the enormous and impossible size of 425 feet by 220 feet, that it had 127 columns, the gifts of kings, and thirty-six which were sculptured. Falkener, by the publication of his work on Ephesus in 1862, in which he brought together many of the references to the temple contained in the ancient books and offered a conjectural restoration, must have generated the interest which led to a search for the site being undertaken in the following year by J. T. Wood. It was not until 1870 that the site was identified, and as the plain on which the temple was built had been covered b- some 15 feet of alluvial deposit, and not one stone remained above-ground, the discovery was a triumph for what long seemed a forlorn hope. He was helped by an inscription now in the British Museum, which shows that the temple was outside the Magnesian Gate. In 1877 Mr Wood published his popular account, restoring the plan from indications found, as having eight columns at the ends, twenty on the flanks of the outer row, and one hundred in all. In the accounts collected by Falkener the temple is said to have been rebuilt many times, but in the main remnants of only an earlier and a later building were discovered, and I shall call them the Old and New Temples. Wood speaks of the " last temple," " the last temple but one," and " the last temple