Page:Greek Biology and Medicine.djvu/162

 BRIEF OUTLINE crates and Galen who became integral parts in the medical instruction in Universities for centuries; Michael the Scot (ii7S?-i234?) ; two versions of Aristotle's Historia Animalium ; Albertus Magnus (1206-80), Commentary on Historia Animalium; Albertus began first-hand plant-study in modern times. 14th century: Nicholas of Reggio translated the treatise of Galen On the uses of the (bodily) parts, from Greek into Latin; the best account of the human body then available and the starting point of modern scientific medicine; Conrad von Megenberg (1309-139S) ; Book of Nature, founded on Latin versions of Aristotle and Galen. 15th century: Recovery of more Hippocratic and Galenic texts, which were turned into Latin; e.g., Thomas Linacre (c. 1460-1524); " De Naturalibus Faculta- tibus", 1523; Isolated Edition of Galen, 1490, but Hippocratic works first printed in 1525. 1 6th century: A new biological science, largely due to Aristotle and Galen, although Paracelsus (1493-1541) destroyed the ' humoral pathology ', and pubHcly burned the works of Galen; First Greek text of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, 1532, edited by Rabelais; Vesalius (1514-1564) the modern " Father of Anatomy"; though he based his work on Galen, yet he shook the authority of Galen, by proving errors of Galen; Antonio Benivieni (ti502) revived Hippocratic tradi- tion by publishing notes of cases, with records of deaths and post-mortem examinations, — as did Amatus Lusitanus (1511-c. 1562), of Portugal; Ambroise Pare (1517-1590), "Father of Modem Surgery " ; though no classical scholar, profoundly influenced by classical traditions; Fabricius ab Acquapendente (1537-1619), founder of modern embryology and an Aristotelian; William Harvey (1578-1657), founder of modern experi- [ 140]