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Rh Preceded by, the Verbal Noun has the force of a Present Participle Passive, denoting a continued or habitual state: as,

In this idiom neither aspirates nor eclipses.

With, after (eclipsing), the Verbal Noun has the force of a Perfect Participle: as,


 * Patrick having come into Ireland.
 * Patrick having come into Ireland.

But in this idiom is usually shortened to : as,, &c., the eclipsis being retained. In colloquial language the Verbal Noun is commonly aspirated, not eclipsed, by in this usage.

is the word used to express negation with the Verbal Noun: as,, not to come.


 * Tell Brian not to plough the field.
 * Tell Brian not to plough the field.

with the Verbal Noun has the force of the Passive Participle in English with un prefixed: as,


 * My five pounds of wool, and they unspun.
 * My five pounds of wool, and they unspun.