Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/97

 a Begadkephath,   (cf. however above, e);  ;  ;  .—It is doubtful whether we should include here those cases in which  occurs after a word ending in a toneless û, such as , ;  , ; also  , ;  ,  (where P. Haupt regards the  as due to the enclitic character of the );  ;  ;. When we explained the in these examples not as conjunctive, but orthophonic (see above,, and Delitzsch, Psalmen, 4th ed. on  a), we especially had in view those cases in which the consonant with  has a. The extension of the use of to consonants with a strong vowel, seems, however, to indicate that these are cases of the, which was required by some Masoretes but not consistently inserted. On the other hand, the in  after a preceding î (, 18), and even after û, is due to an attempt to preserve its consonantal power; see König, Lehrgeb., p. 54 b.

(b) When a consonant with is strengthened by Dageš forte dirĭmens to make the  more audible. In almost all cases the strengthening or sharpening can be easily explained from the character of the particular consonant, which is almost always a sonant, sibilant, or the emphatic Qôph; cf. , (for );   (where, however,  is to be read); cf. ,, , (with );  (with ); ,  (with ); , 17 (and so always in  ,  and  , ); , , ,   ; , , , ,  ;  ; , , ,. Also, with ; with , ; with. In many instances of this kind the influence of the following consonant is also observable.

(c) When a vowel is to be made specially emphatic, generally in the principal, by a Dageš forte affectuosum in the following consonant. Thus in a following sonant,,  , 22:12 ;  (in ); in  , , , perhaps also.

(d) When the sonants, , are strengthened by Dageš fortz firmativum in the pronouns , , , and in  cf. also,  (, l), to give greater firmness to the preceding tone-vowel.

3. Omission of the strengthening, or at least the loss of the occurs,

(a) almost always at the end of a word, since here a strengthened