Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/88

  by Maqqēph with a following monosyllable, e.g. ,  ; or two words of more than one syllable, e.g. ,. Cf. the Greek proclitics, , , , , , which are , and lean on the following word.

2. Mèthĕg ( i.e. ), a small perpendicular stroke under the consonant to the left of the vowel, indicates most frequently the secondary stress or counter-tone, as opposed to the principal tone marked by the accents. It serves, however, in other cases to point out that the vowel should not be hastily passed over in pronunciation, but should be allowed its full sound. Hence other names of are Maʾarîkh, i.e., and , i.e.  of the voice, which is  with long vowels, otherwise.

It is divided into: 1. The. This is subdivided again into (α) the ordinary of the counter-tone, as a rule in the second (open) syllable before the tone, e.g.  (cf. also such cases as ); but also in the third when the second is closed, e.g.  (also in such cases as ), and when the third is not suitable for it, even in the fourth (open) syllable before the tone. This Mèthĕg may be repeated in the fourth syllable before the tone, when it already stands in the second, e.g. . Finally it is always added to the vowel of an open ultima, which is joined by Maqqēph to a word beginning with a toneless syllable and so without Mèthĕg (e.g., on the other hand , ), or to a word beginning with Šewâ before the tone-syllable, e.g. , &c.; the object being to prevent the Šewâ from becoming quiescent.

The ordinary is omitted with a movable , consequently we do not find , &c. (nor even, &c., contrary to b, α; but , &c., according to b, δ, cf.  b).

(b) The or. (α) With all long vowels (except in certain cases,, see above), which are followed by a  preceding the tone-syllable; e.g. ,  &c. (β) To emphasize a long vowel in a closed syllable immediately before Maqqēph, e.g.  (not ); hence also with   and   (for  and ; cf. also , &c.). (γ) With Ṣere, which has become toneless through retraction of the tone, in order to prevent its being pronounced as Segôl, e.g.  (not ). (δ) With all vowels before composite Šewâ, e.g., , &c. (except when the following consonant is strengthened, e.g., because the strengthening by  excludes the retarding of the vowel by ); so in the cases discussed in , where a short vowel has taken the place of a Ḥaṭeph, as , &c. (ε) In the preformative syllable of all forms of, and , when stands under the  or , e.g. ,  , &c., cf.