Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/77

 p, 71 f.), the  is necessary when, in a strengthened  consonant with  (consequently not in cases like, &c.), preceded by a Pathaḥ, the sign of the strengthening  has fallen away, e.g.  (but ed. Mant. and Ginsb. ; no less universally, where after a consonant with the same consonant follows (to separate them more sharply, and hence with a  always preceding), e.g.  ;  (ed. Mant. and Ginsb.   (but not without exceptions, e.g. , ;  , and so always , ; on  before the suffix , see ); also in certain forms under Kaph and Rêš after a long vowel and before the tone, e.g.  ;  ;   (but  , cf. ,, because the tone is thrown back on to the ā. After remains even before the tone, as  &c.; but before Maqqef  Baer,  , but ed. Mant., Jabl., Ginsb. ) ; (b) under initial sibilants after copulative, e.g.  ; cf. ;  ;  ;  ; , , , cf. , , , , —to emphasize the vocal character of the . For the same reason under the emphatic  in  ; cf. ; after Qôph in  (so Baer, but ed. Mant., Jabl., Ginsb. ) ; ; cf. ; under Rêš in  (ed. Mant. ). ; ; even under   ; under  ;  so Jabl., Ginsb., but ed. Mant.  ; (c) under sonants, sibilants or Qôph after ĭ, e.g. , cf.  and  (under );  ;  ;  ;  , —for the same reason as the cases under b ; according to Baer also in  ;   after ŏ (cf. ), as well as after a in ;  ;.

B. The is less restricted to the gutturals than the first two, and stands more frequently for a simple  when an original O-sound requires to be partly preserved, e.g. at the beginning, in  (ground-form )  (cf. ); , &c.,  (Keeth. ); ,  (sing. );  for the usual  , from ;  , , and elsewhere before suffixes, cf. ; (from ), &c.;. Further, like, it stands under consonants, which ought to have , as in (for ). In this example, as in ;  ; and , the  is no doubt due to the influence of the