Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/73

 laws for the formation of syllables. It occurs not only in the tone-syllable, but also in an open syllable before the tone, e.g. (ground-form ) ;  for,  , as well as (with ) in the secondary tone-syllable; ,. But the original  is retained in a toneless closed syllable, whereas in a toneless open syllable it is weakened to. Cf. , but,  ; ,  and , where original  is weakened to : , Arab. . This tone-long is only as an exception written fully.

(4)  represents  (properly, cf. , note 2) modified from  and is therefore classed here. It stands in the same relation to as the  of the second class to, ,. On the distinction between this and, see below,.

11. The following table gives a summary of the gradation of the three vowel-classes according to the quantity of the vowels:—

Rem. On the distinction between Qameṣ and Qameṣ-ḥaṭuph.

According to, long or   and short  or   are in manuscripts and printed texts generally expressed by the same sign , e.g. ,. The beginner who does not yet know the grammatical