Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/72

  from ,   from , or in the case discussed in , ,  from the ground-forms , ; cf. also. appears as a simple helping-vowel in cases such as for,  for.

III. ''Third Class. U- and O-sounds.''

9. For the U-sound there is—

(1) the, either  written fully,  , e.g.  , or (b) defectively written   , ;

(2) the short, mostly represented by , in a toneless closed syllable and especially common in a sharpened syllable, in e.g. ,.

Sometimes also in a sharpened syllable is written, e.g.  ,  ,  ,  ,   for , &c.

For this the LXX write, e.g.  Ὀδολλάμ, from which, however, it only follows, that this  was pronounced somewhat indistinctly. The LXX also express the sharp by ε, e.g. =Ἐμμήρ. The pronunciation of the like the German, which was formerly common, is incorrect, although the occasional pronunciation of the U-sounds as  in the time of the punctators is attested, at least as regards Palestine ; cf. the Turkish for the Persian, and the pronunciation of the Arabic  in Syria as.

10. The O-sound bears the same relation to U as the E does to I in the second class. It has four varieties:—

(1) The which is contracted from  (=),, and accordingly is mostly written fully;  , e.g.  , Arab. ,  from. More rarely, as  from  Arab. .

(2) The long which arose in Hebrew at an early period, by a general process of obscuring, out of an original, while the latter has been retained in Arabic and Aramaic. It is usually written in the tone-syllable,  in the toneless, e.g.  Arab. . Aram. , Arab. , Aram. , plur. ;, Arab. ;, Arab. ;, Arab. ;, Arab. ;, Aram. and Arab. ;, Aram. , Arab. . Sometimes the form in also occurs side by side with that in  as  and  (see however ). Cf. also.

(3) The tone-long which is lengthened from an original, or from an  arising from , by the tone, or in general according to the