Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/522

 its origin is obscure. Cf. the exhaustive discussion of Delitzsch and Wetzstein on, where this appears to be used as a desiderative particle.—Sometimes when one case has been already discussed, another of the same character is added by means of  or, e.g.   (another possible case) it is known that, &c., i.e. but if it be known, &c., LXX ἐὰν δέ, Vulg. sin autem; cf. , 28, 5:1, 25:49, ; with a following imperfect, f.—On the hypothetical use of (which is interchangeable with  in other senses also)  (in verses 3 and 27 ),  (verse 28 ),, see the Lexicon.

2. The conditional sentence is frequently found in an abridged form, where the suppressed clauses can be easily supplied from the context; cf. ,, , i.e. and if thou wilt not give it to me, then I take it (perfect according to ) by force; cf. . The use of alone in  is peculiar, as also  in  (where read with the LXX ) in the sense of if it be so.—In,   alone appears to be used in the sense of if really ... not, in each case with a following jussive equivalent to may there at least, &c. (cf. ); but perhaps with Matthes, 1903, p. 122 ff., following Kuipers, we should read —In,  the condition must be supplied from the preceding clause to complete the sentence introduced by , in  by , in  by .—The apodosis also appears sometimes in an abridged form (e.g. , ) or is entirely suppressed, e.g. , ,  (see y above), , , , where properly  must be supplied with  as in verses 4 and 18; cf. .—In, instead of the apodosis I exclaim which we should expect, the exclamation itself follows.

3. The absolute certainty with which a result is to be expected is frequently emphasized by the insertion of ; , , ; or , ,  after , ,  after ,  after. On this corroborative cf. such passages as, &c., and. On after an oath cf. 163 d.

4. Sometimes the force of a hypothetical particle extends beyond the apodosis to a second conditional clause, as in the case of, , , , and.

5. In a negative statement takes the place of a condition with a negative consequence, for a man doth not see me and live, instead of for if a man sees me, he does not live; cf. the similar passages,, 4 thou shalt not see ... and hide thyself, instead of if thou seest ... thou shalt not hide thyself.

Besides the use of the imperative in the sense of a concession, meant either seriously or mockingly, and of concessive circumstantial clauses (, , and ), concessive clauses may be introduced—

(a) By a simple : thus with perfect, if (=though) I had been in the right;  and 10:22 with imperfect in reference to a contingent event.

(b) By, with imperfect; for which we find simply  in  with imperfect, yea, though these may forget, yet ...; on the other hand, with perfect, , , ; finally ,.