Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/518

 what the imperfect in the protasis had represented as still conceivable; cf. ); with the perfect consecutive,, ; with the protasis suppressed, (see ).

(b) in protasis (cf., i) and apodosis,   (if) thou makest darkness, it is night; imperfect in the apodosis, b; cohortative. Also in, is the apodosis to a suppressed protasis if thou cast it down; so in   is the apodosis to a protasis if thou wash, contained in what precedes.

(c) Cohortative (see ) in the protasis; perfect in the apodosis, ; imperfect consecutive,  (if) I arise, they speak against me; on the cohortative in the apodosis, cf. .

(d) in the protasis,  , &c. (with a noun-clause as the apodosis); with a frequentative perfect consecutive in the apodosis,.

(e) in the protasis and apodosis (see the examples,  and ll),  ; 9:15, 44:29,, , , , , ; with frequentative perfects,  (referring to the past, ); with imperfect in the apodosis (being separated from the  by ), , ; introduced by an infinitive absolute, ; an interrogative clause in the apodosis, ; a noun-clause, ,.

(f) A simple perfect (to represent actions which are to be regarded as completed) in the protasis and apodosis, ; an imperfect in the apodosis,, ; an imperfect consecutive, , , , b, 29:11; an interrogative clause, ,  if I have sinned (prop., well, now I have sinned!) what can I do unto thee? 21:31, 35:6, ; a noun-clause,.

(g) A participle as casus pendens (cf., and the sections of the Grammar there cited, esp. ) or a complete noun-clause in the protasis; the apodosis mostly introduced by , e.g.  ; with perfect frequentative in the apodosis, , &c.; but also with a simple imperfect, e.g.  (cf. ); with an interrogative imperfect, , 19; with an interrogative perfect,.

(h) Infinitive with preposition (also as the equivalent of a conditional clause) in the protasis, and a perfect consecutive in the apodosis (cf. ), e.g. ff. ; f. (with imperfect, followed by perfects frequentative in the apodosis).

Rem. On the expression of condition and consequence by means of two co-ordinate imperatives, see.

3. Particles used to introduce conditional sentences are (for which in the later and latest Books sometimes, see below, under w) and  (,  ; ,  , from ) if, negative  and   unless;  (Lat. ut), in case that, sometimes used almost in the same sense as. With regard to the difference between  and , the fundamental rule is that  is used if the condition be regarded either as already fulfilled, or if it, together with its consequence, be thought of as possibly (or