Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/510

 in poetic style, the attributive relation is expressed by simple co-ordination.

The governing substantive or pronoun is frequently (in certain cases always) resumed by a pronominal suffix or an adverb. The resumption may, however, be omitted, just as in relative clauses introduced by, &c.; see.

In Arabic a distinction is made between relative clauses used for the nearer definition of a determinate substantive (ṣila), and those which are attached to an indeterminate substantive (ṣifa). The former must be introduced by the demonstrative pronoun allaḏî, the latter are always simply co-ordinated. The same distinction was no doubt originally observed in Hebrew, since simply co-ordinated relative clauses are most commonly found after indeterminate substantives (see the examples below), and in cases like (cf., and especially ), the addition of  is explained from the special stress laid on the indeterminate substantive, a nation of such a kind, thou understandest not their tongue. On the other hand, in poetic style at least, is somewhat frequently omitted even after a determinate noun, but only rarely in prose (except by the Chronicler; cf., ,  (read prob. for ), ; after, , , , , but also ; for further instances, see Driver, 8, p. 537, no. 30); so , , ,  (=which way), so , ; ; after a pronominal subject,. In for  read  with the LXX.

2. If the nearer definition of a substantive or pronoun is effected by simple co-ordination of the relative clause, it may take the form—

(a) Of a noun-clause, e.g. a man of the hill country of Ephraim ;, ,  with princes ; , ; when referring to a noun-suffix, e.g.   (self-)confidence.—On periphrases of this kind to express negative attributes, as in   where no man is, see , and cf. for this very short form of the relative clause,  that belongs not to them;  ;,.

(b) Of a verbal clause.

Here we must distinguish the cases in which the retrospective pronoun—

(1) Is the subject of the relative clause, and is contained in the