Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/504

 afterwards); thus in, ,   is evidently to be supplied, and in , ,  the corresponding jussive from the preceding imperatives, in  from the preceding infinitive absolute.

2., like , regularly stands immediately before the verb, but in , , , , before another strongly emphasized member of the sentence.

(c) construct state (unless it be sometimes merely a contracted connective form, cf.  for  ) of  (as also the absolute state, see below) is the negative of ; cf. e.g. with. As (he, she, it is, was, &c.) includes the idea of being in all tenses, so,  includes the idea of not being in all tenses. Hence—

(1) The absolute state, with an evident transition to the meaning of a verbal predicate, there does not exist, always follows the word negatived, e.g.  ;   present;  ? after ? (cf. );, ,. In and 10:14  is used in reference to a plural;, , , , , , ,   .—Cf. finally, , , , .—Quite anomalous is  before a perfect as an emphatic negation; the text, however, can hardly be correct.

(2) The construct state stands in its natural position immediately before the substantive whose non-existence it predicates, or before the subject of the sentence which is to be negatived. To the former class belong also the very numerous instances in which is joined to a participle, e.g. , &c., i.e. and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither did any awake; so especially  with a participle in subordinate circumstantial or descriptive clauses, such as  , while there is none delivering, i.e. without any one’s delivering it; , &c.;  &c.,  without any one’s making you afraid; cf. . is used as the negation of an entire noun-clause, e.g. in,  ;.

(3) When the subject which is to be negatived is a personal pronoun, it is joined as a suffix to, according to , e.g. ; , fem. , thou art not, &c.; , fem. , &c.; also absolutely, he is (5:24 he was) no longer alive; , &c. When the accompanying predicate is a verb, it follows again (see l) in the form of a participle, since always introduces a noun-clause, e.g.  ; 8:17,.

Rem. In  for  is due to its being co-ordinate with three other (substantival) subjects; these are again expressly summed up in .—In   the pronominal complement of  appears